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Life in the Northern Colonies

Life in the Northern Colonies. The New England and Middle Colonies. New England Spreads Out. New England Colonies, 1679. The Economy. Several cash crops per farm (NJ, PA, NY) Wheat, corn, cattle, hogs Surplus food went to West Indies Commercial Industries (All colonies) Wheat grinding

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Life in the Northern Colonies

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  1. Life in the Northern Colonies The New England and Middle Colonies

  2. New England Spreads Out

  3. New England Colonies, 1679

  4. The Economy • Several cash crops per farm (NJ, PA, NY) • Wheat, corn, cattle, hogs • Surplus food went to West Indies • Commercial Industries (All colonies) • Wheat grinding • Harvesting Fish • Sawing Lumber • Ship Manufacturing • Many Merchants

  5. Urban Life Style • Trade caused Port Cities to Grow • Ie. NY, Boston, Philadelphia • Sophistication: paved streets, police patrols, whale-oiled lamps on sidewalks • Overcrowding did cause problems • Firewood/clean water scarce • Disease/fire spread rapidly • Poverty

  6. Diversity of the North • Pre-1700 – immigrants were indentured servants from England • 18th century – 585,000 immigrants • 1/3 from other countries • Scotts, English, Dutch, Germans, Irish • Variety of Religions • Reasons for coming: • Escape economic devastation • Religious freedom

  7. Problems with English and “The Others” • Different groups did not always get along • Why should the [Germans] be suffered to swarm into our Settlements, and by herding together establish their Language and Manners to the Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of Anglifying them? • Suspicion of each other occurred on both ends.

  8. Slavery in the North • No need for as many slaves – why? • Less labor in wheat than tobacco/rice • Considered property, but had more legal standing • Could sue, right to appeal in court, could testify against whites in cases not involving Africans. • Hard lives, considered less human, no gathering, no weapons, no protection from cruelty.

  9. Life in the North • Family Stability – grandparents too! • Population grew initially from reproduction • Booming birthrate • Avg. life expectancy was 70

  10. Patriarchy Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household. Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.

  11. Women in the North • Extensive Work Responsibilities • Weaving clothes, sewing, gardening, tending livestock, baking, make candles • Few Legal Rights • No vote • No entering into contracts • No buying/selling property • No keeping wages • Only single women could run business • Religion was used to keep women subordinate to husbands and men.

  12. Salem Witch Trials • Cause: • limitations on women • tensions from uneven economic growth • strained relations with Natives • misdirected religious zeal. • Constant occupation with violence and death b/c feared Native attacks

  13. The Beginning of the Salem Witch Trials • Girls accused Tituba, African slave, of practice witchcraft • Received attention for this, so accused others as well • Those accused tried to save themselves by accusing others as witches

  14. Patterns of those Accused • Economic • Salem undergone economic growth left some very wealthy and some poor • Poor accused the wealthier area • Women • Women who were too independent • Violated puritan standards of behavior

  15. Result • Ended when girls accused the governor’s wife • Courts realized evidence was false • The Accused: • 19 people hanged • 1 person crushed to death • 4 “witches” died in jail • 150 others spent time in jail.

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