Chapter 18 Section 3

1. Chapter 18 Section 3 Cities Grow and Change

2. Vocabulary Accelerate- to increase in speed Clinic- place where people receive medical treatment, often free or at a small fee. Urbanization- is a rapid growth in cities. Tenement- large building divided into tiny apartments Jane Addams- reformer who worked for poor city dwellers and opened the Hull House in 1889 Settlement house- center to offer help for the urban poor Jane Addams

3. Rapid Growth of Cities The rate of urbanization was unbelievable. The United States had cities the sizes of London and Paris, for the first time. In 1890 the first electric elevator was put into buildings, making it easier to get to offices and other important rooms in taller buildings. The reason for this urbanization is because the cities attracted, and industry attracted people. People from the South migrated to cites in search of jobs. Such as farmers, immigrants, and African Americans.

4. Rapid Growth of Cities New technology helped cities grow. Elevated trains came for transportation of the people from one part of the cities to the next. In 1887 the first electric streetcar system opened in Richmond Virginia. 10 years later the first electric subway began running underneath the streets of Boston. The Brooklyn bridge was finished in 1883, it connected the cities of Manhattan to outlying Brooklyn. New York was now able to spread out and grow. Public transportation gave a rise in suburbs, living areas on the outskirts of the city. No longer did people living in cities had to work in cities because of the new steel bridges being built. In 1885, Chicago built the first 10 story building, called a skyscraper because it seemed to touch the sky. By 1890 the building were up to 30 stories tall.

5. Problems of Urban Life The urbanization brought many problems. In the packed neighborhoods, fires were a threat. The Chicago Fire in 1871, damaged 3 square miles downtown, killed 300 people, and left 18,000 homeless. The poor lived in uncomfortable conditions. People crowded into tenements. The tiny apartments had no windows, heat, or indoor plumbing. The streets around the tenements were littered with garbage. Diseases were common.

6. Problems of Urban Life Jane Addams came from a wealthy family. She worked hard for poor city dwellers . She opened Hull House in 1889. The Hull House is a settlement house that offers help to the urban poor. Volunteers sponsored music and sports for kids, taught English to immigrants, and provided nurseries for children of working mothers. Cities began to improve urban life in the 1880s. Street lights were installed and police departments were made. Religious groups served the poor. A Catholic nun, named Mother Cabrini, set up hospitals and clinics for people who couldn’t afford a doctor. The Salvation Army, founded by Methodist minister, gave food, clothing, and shelter to homeless.

7. The Excitement of City Life New comers were awed by the amazing electric lights that where so bright it seemed to turn night to day. Department stores helped people shop at one store for many smaller stores. They attracted many people to meet their needs from groceries to toys for the children. Instead of buying a shirt at one store, and boots at the other, people could now buy them at one large store.

8. The Excitement of City Life People valued their free time because they worked long hours each day. Provided wealth of entertainment, from museum, orchestra, art gallery, and theaters.

9. Sports Professional sports team came up in the cities after the Civil War. The most popular sport was baseball. In 1869 the first professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings. 7 years later teams from eight cities formed the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs. African American players were banned from the majors. They formed their own league.

10. Sports Basketball formed in 1891 by James Naismith. He handed players a soccer ball and challenged them to throw the ball in a basket that was nailed on a wall. Football was also popular. But it was also extremely dangerous. It was played with no helmets. 44 college players died of injuries in one season.

11. Sources http://www.google.com/search?q=first+skyscraper+chicago&safe= http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQ0mBGD9DIN_LnCFMHHUYdKYSMbny0FoQ9rms78RXD7qnCYYNk http://www.myhero.com/go/hero.asp?hero=J_Addams_dnhs_US_2011 http://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/tag/old-new-york-theater/

12. By: Skylar and Maddie!