D efinition

1. Definition Memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. WINDSOR UNIVERITY

2. Information processing From an information processing perspective there are three main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory: • Encoding or registration: receiving, processing and combining of received information • Storage: creation of a permanent record of the encoded information • Retrieval, recall or recollection: calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity WINDSOR UNIVERITY

3. Memory improvement Memory improvement requires only a few techniques. Once something is stored in the memory, it is there forever. However, it takes conscious effort to make the best of the ability to encode, store and retrieve information especially when large amount of information is involved.

4. Types of memory • Sensory memory • Short-term memory • Long-term memory

5. Sensory memory Sensory memory is like a "while you were out" slip that you deal with and forget.

6. Short-term memory • Short-term memory (a few hours with limited capacity) is like the "in-basket" used to sort out important from non-important information. Non-important information is forgotten; important information may be transferred to long-term memory. WINDSOR UNIVERITY

7. Type of memory (cont) Long-term memory (relatively permanent and unlimited capacity) is like a large filing cabinet for storing important information. This is where information that you want to remember should be stored. WINDSOR UNIVERITY

8. Transferring Information from Short-term to Long-term memory • Schedule mini-review sessions right after class. This is the first step to getting that information into long-term memory. • Talk about the lecture with another student. The more ways you learn a subject, the more likely you are to remember it. • Rewrite notes to incorporate lecture and textbook information the same day of lecture. • Present information you've learned to someone else - your roommate, your fish, or your friend.

9. Tips for Improving Memory Experiment with different memory techniques to discover which one works best for you. Here are several techniques to try:

10. Learn in Association Association - Relate new information to something you already know. An isolated idea/fact is hard to remember. If you associate it with information that already makes sense to you, it will be more meaningful and easier to organize and remember. For example, you can remember diffusion by remembering what happen when you “pass gas” (flatulence) You have two eyes and one nose":Optic nerve is cranial nerve two.Olfactory nerve is cranial nerve one.

11. Visualize Organize information into a valid, clear mental picture. For example, to remember the necessary elements of a novel, form a picture of all the important characters dressed in the style of the period doing something representative of the character, etc.

12. Use Mnemonic For information that defies association or visualization, a memory technique may be very useful. Some mnemonic devices include: • Reciting • Acrostics • Acronyms WINDSOR UNIVERITY

13. Reciting Recite terms and phrases by glancing at the key words on your summary sheets and then practice the ideas and principles until you know them inside and out! WINDSOR UNIVERITY

14. Acrostics An acrostic is when you make a nonsense phrase so the first letter of each word represents and element in the phrase. For example use “Everybody Says Rubbish” to recall the E, S and R of Encoding Storage and Retrieval. Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most WINDSOR UNIVERITY

15. Acronyms "Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final AGood Vacation Seems Heavenly • O • O • O • T • T • A • F • A • G • V • S • H lfactory ptic cculomotor rochlear rigeminal bduscen acial uditory lossopharyngeal agus pinal root of the accessory ypoglossal WINDSOR UNIVERITY