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Suicide: A Complex Issue

Suicide: A Complex Issue. Dr. Margaret Battin University of Utah battin@utah.edu. Simplified Suicide. Teen suicide Always bad. Timeline: 2000 BCE - 450 BCE. Approve. Sallekhana. 13 th Khanda. Jain Tradition. Preventing old age. Hebrew Bible and Apocrypha. Hippocratic Corpus.

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Suicide: A Complex Issue

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  1. Suicide: A Complex Issue Dr. Margaret Battin University of Utah battin@utah.edu

  2. Simplified Suicide • Teen suicide • Always bad

  3. Timeline: 2000 BCE - 450 BCE Approve Sallekhana 13thKhanda Jain Tradition Preventing old age Hebrew Bible and Apocrypha Hippocratic Corpus 2000BCE 450BCE Sophocles Upanishads Egyptian Didactic Tale Euripides Confucius Isa Violent suicide Disapprove

  4. Trends • Situational • Self sacrifice (several) • Old age (Ancient Greeks) • Impassioned action vs. Contemplative movement to the next life (Jain) vs.

  5. Hippocratic Corpus • The Oath • Actual Practice • About Maidens “…I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan…” -Hippocratic Oath ?

  6. Timeline: 450 BCE – 150 CE Stoics Responsible (Socrates) Approve ? Livy Seneca Josephus Plato Martyrdom ≠ Suicide? Chrysippus Interpretation? 450BCE 150 CE 0 Justin Martyr Ignatius Aristotle The New Testament Without good reason Disapprove

  7. Trends • All over the place

  8. Stoics • Chrysippus’s 5 reasons • Commanded to do so by a higher authority • To avoid being forced to do shameful things • Serious illness • Poverty • Dementedness • Seneca: Wise man’s decision

  9. Ignatius “ …I shall willingly die for God… I am the wheat of God, and let me be ground by the teeth of the wild beasts… Then I shall truly be a disciple of Christ…” “ …May I enjoy the wild beasts that are prepared for me; and I pray they may be found eager to rush upon me…and not deal with me as with some, whom, out of fear, they have not touched. -Ignatius of Antioch But if they be unwilling to assail me, I will compel them to do so.”

  10. Timeline: 150 - 1300 Approve Preserving Virginity Self-invited martyrdom Martyrdom? 150 1300 Angela of Foligno Henry de Bracton Aquinas Ambrose Augustine The Quran al-Bukhari Disapprove Catholic position henceforth

  11. Trends • Christians become increasingly negative • Exceptions • Martyrdom: Suicide or something else?

  12. Timeline: 1400 - 1750 DaidojiYuzan (Samurai, Busido) Approve Glory of God (Christ) Thomas More ChikamatsuMonzaemon David Hume Cato 1400 1750 John Donne Martin Luther Immanuel Kant Cotton Mather Disapprove

  13. Trends • Wide swings back and forth

  14. Oral Cultures Many varied views that change over time

  15. Timeline: 1750 - 1900 On the Influence of Passions Hindu Widow Approve Madame de Stael ??? Hara Kiri Nietzsche 1750 1900 John Stuart Mill Disapprove Reflections on Suicide

  16. Early 20th Century:Emil Durkheim and Sigumund Freud • Suicide as a function of psychopathology • Suicide as a function of societal organization • The ethical issues seemed to be eclipsed by the notion that suicide is caused

  17. Suicide as an Ethical Issue Reemerges • Many widely disagreeing opinions

  18. Tactical Suicide • Kamikaze • Jihad

  19. Suicide of Social Protest • SzmulZygielbojm protesting the extermination of Polish Jews • Buddhist monks and nuns protesting Vietnamese War

  20. Physician Assisted Suicide It’s an ongoing issue or legal in all of these countries:

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