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Instructor’s name Semester, 200_

Instructor’s name Semester, 200_. Chapter Objectives. Identify personal and community consequences of alcohol and other drugs abuse. Describe the trends of alcohol and other drugs use by high school students. Define drug use, misuse, and abuse. Define drug dependence. Chapter Objectives.

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Instructor’s name Semester, 200_

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  1. Instructor’s name Semester, 200_

  2. Chapter Objectives • Identify personal and community consequences of alcohol and other drugs abuse. • Describe the trends of alcohol and other drugs use by high school students. • Define drug use, misuse, and abuse. • Define drug dependence.

  3. Chapter Objectives • List and discuss the risk factors for the abuse of alcohol and other drugs. • Explain why alcohol is considered the number 1 drug abuse problem in America. • Describe the health risks of cigarette smoking.

  4. Chapter Objectives • Define the terms over-the-counter- and prescription drugs and explain the purpose of these drugs and how they are regulated. • Define the terms controlled substances and illicit (illegal) drugs and provide examples. • Characterize recent trends in the prevalence of drug use among American high school seniors.

  5. Chapter Objectives • List and explain four elements of drug abuse prevention and control. • Give an example of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention activities in drug abuse prevention and control programs. • Summarize the federal government’s drug abuse control efforts.

  6. Chapter Objectives • List and describe some community and school drug abuse prevention programs. • List the five components of a typical workplace substance abuse prevention program. • Name some voluntary health agencies and self-help support groups involved in the prevention, control, and treatment of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse.

  7. Introduction • Scope of the Problem • $246-414 billion annual economic loss • Marijuana used by 21.6% of high school seniors

  8. Up to 50% Spousal abuse 20-35% Suicides 50% Traffic fatalities 62% Assaults Alcohol & other drugs 49% Murders 52% Rapes 68% Manslaughter Charges 38% Child abuse 69% Drownings Health Concerns Associated with Alcohol Use

  9. Definitions • Drug • substance other than food that when taken in small quantities, alters one’s physical, mental, or emotional state • Psychoactive drug • alters sensory perceptions, mood, thought process, or behavior • Drug misuse • inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs

  10. Definitions • Drug abuse • taking of a drug for non-medically approved purposes • continued use of a legal drug with the knowledge that it is hazardous to one’s health (cigarette smoking) • Drug dependence • when one feels the that a particular drug is necessary for normal functioning.

  11. Factors that Contribute to Substance Abuse • Inherited risk factors • Environmental risk factors • Personal • Home & family • School & peer group factors • Sociocultural aspects of one’s environment

  12. Types of Legal Drugs Abused • Alcohol • #1 drug problem in America • 32% of high school seniors • 41% of college students report having 5 or more drinks in a row at least once in the past 2 years • Binge drinking • Problem drinkers • Alcoholism

  13. Types of Legal Drugs Abused • Nicotine • use occurs in the form of cigarette, cigar, pipe smoking, chewing tobacco and snuff • 23.1% of high school seniors smoke cigarettes daily • 430,700 deaths each year • $138 billion economic cost • Environmental smoke • Spit tobacco

  14. Types of Legal Drugs Abused • Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs • can be purchased without a doctor’s prescription • Prescription drugs • requires a physician’s written instructions • usually stronger than over-the-counter drugs

  15. Types of Illicit Drugs Abused • Marijuana • most abused illicit drug • amotivational syndrome • Opium, morphine, & heroin • Narcotics numb the senses and reduce pain • produce tolerance and physical dependence • injection users are at high risk for becoming infected with HIV

  16. Types of Illicit Drugs Abused • Cocaine • potent stimulant • 1.7 million Americans used in last 30 days • Hallucinogens • LSD • Mescaline • Psilocybin

  17. Types of Illicit Drugs Abused • Stimulants • Amphetamine • Methamphentamine • Methcathinone • Depressants • Barbiturates • Benzodiazepines • Methaqualone

  18. Types of Illicit Drugs Abused • Designer Drugs • Rohypnol and related chemicals • MDMA and related compounds • PCP and related chemicals • Anabolic drugs • Inhalants

  19. Prevention & Control of Drug Abuse • Primary • are aimed at those who have never used drugs, & their goal is to prevent or forestall the initiation of drug use. • Secondary • seek to reach those who have begun drug use but are not chronic drug abusers • Tertiary • designed to provide treatment for abuse & aftercare

  20. Elements of Prevention • Education • Treatment • Public Policy • Law Enforcement

  21. Official Agencies & Programs • $19.2 billion 2001 Federal budget • Department of Justice • law enforcement; prisons, & other aspects of justice system • Drug Enforcement Agency • lead governmental agency on drugs • FBI • Immigration & Naturalization Service

  22. Official Agencies & Programs • Department of Health & Human Services • education, automatic protection & regulation • rapid diagnosis & intervention with treatment • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services • National Institute on Drug Abuse • Department of Treasury • U.S. Customs Service • Internal Revenue Service (IRS) • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)

  23. Official Agencies & Programs • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) • National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) • lead federal research agency • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) • federal regulatory agency for legal drugs

  24. Official Agencies & Programs • State government • influence the outcome of drug wars through advocacy, administrative aid and legislation • Regional coordination offices • provide a link between state and local efforts • Local agencies & programs • Local coordination councils • prevention through education • intervention and treatment • law enforcement

  25. Nongovernmental Drug Prevention and Control • Community-based drug education • School-based drug education • Workplace-based drug education

  26. Voluntary Health Agencies • Mothers Against Drunk Drivers • Students Against Drunk Drivers • Alcoholics Anonymous • Narcotics Anonymous • American Cancer Society

  27. Chapter 12Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs

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