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Power from Space

Join us on SolarDIY@ Yahoogroups.com. Power from Space. Bob Bruninga WB4APR April 2011. www.aprs.org/ alternative-energy.html. Solar Cost!. 2010. Home Solar - I was so wrong!. I’ve been interested in solar power all my life But never had a real need other than just-for-fun

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Power from Space

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  1. Join us on SolarDIY@ Yahoogroups.com Power from Space Bob Bruninga WB4APR April 2011 www.aprs.org/alternative-energy.html

  2. Solar Cost! 2010

  3. Home Solar - I was so wrong! I’ve been interested in solar power all my life But never had a real need other than just-for-fun No way was it cost effective* (even if electricity was free!) I hate maintaining batteries, especially a house full -------- *Unless you have no other access to power…

  4. I was so wrong! • My concept of solar power was this: Battery Storage (off Grid)

  5. I was so wrong! • The problem is the Batteries! • 30% loss of all power in charge/discharge losses • 50% loss of all summer solar excess • 50% or less power available in winter • Economical solar power has NOTHING* to do with batteries. * Unless you are off grid

  6. It’s a Whole New World! • Get rid of the Batteries! Grid-Tie • Look AGAIN at the new economics!

  7. Solar and Emergency Power This talk will cover: Home Solar Electric Vehicles Backup / emergency power AND a whole new world of Power!

  8. Training vs Abstinance This talk will cover: High Voltages Dangerous Ideas Self sufficiency and reliance AND a whole new world of Power! We used to have cub scouts build 2 tube radios with 150 volts circuits Now? Don’t touch it, its too dangerous

  9. Join us on SolarDIY@ Yahoogroups.com Home Solar My Solar Experience: (unique due to Critical Area) (Variance Required) It’s a whole new world of Power!

  10. Typical Ham Approach $500 8 cents Join us on SolarDIY@ Yahoogroups.com But… Why?

  11. Solar Power – What Kind? Type Availability Cost Clean Environmental Economical Energy 24-7-365 99.95% $25,000 (net) $250 Power Outages 4 hrs / year? 00.05% ? ? Armageddon These all have completely different solutions!

  12. When the Grid Goes Down? Whole House Off Grid System $50,000 Cost per KwH during outages $2400.00/KWH $250 With Battery 60 cents/KWH OR! Backup = On Grid 15 cents/KWH Is $6,000 of batteries worth it for $2 of power a year for 4 hour outage?

  13. Clean Energy,SOLARYou Betcha!

  14. 1 House, 1 Year4 Tons of Coal Yes, we have 100 years of coal, but there won’t be anything left!

  15. Solar Off Grid ? Perfect when you have no access to the Grid. Or Armageddon is near Or you’re a Battery salesman Or you like throwing away $2 out of every $3 you invest

  16. System Losses – Battery vs Grid 40% 5% Grid Battery Systems are typically 60% energy efficient Compared to Grid-tie Inverters which are 95% efficient * 5 kW system

  17. Seasonal Losses - Battery - 50% Summer: Battery systems must find a way to use (or waste) half their excess summer Energy* Winter: With only half the solar energy available, a 50% Lifestyle Change is required. * Users with modest AC usage

  18. Storage Capacity This sketch shows the number of batteries you would need to equal grid storage of seasonal energy. 3240 batteries

  19. Seasonal Balance* – Grid-Tie 100% free storage year round Summer: You Bank-up excess Summer energy into the grid Winter: You draw it out in the winter. Result: Life style does not change * Users with modest AC usage

  20. Angles - less important with Grid-Tie 180 150 With Battery System, – 17% -3%

  21. Angles - less important with Grid-Tie Amazing, even due East, you still get 85% effectiveness!

  22. Angles - less important with Grid-Tie Amazing! Increase power by 60% to 100% on other side!

  23. Angles - less important with Grid-Tie Why Angles don’t matter so much? Summer Sun Rises in NE and sets in SW So ideal South facing misses much of summer sun Summer gains make up for most of winter loss

  24. Grid Tie Inverters 2.8 kW Inverter EnPhase $250 UL approved Import 500W GTI UL Approved Solar Grants and rebates $80 $2000 Not UL Approved

  25. Electric Meters Electronic Meter Mechanical Net Meter Current Current feed use feed use KWH $ KWH $ $ $

  26. Shack Sized Grid Ties Get full energy value from every watt 250W Grid Tie Without the acid and maintenance! Or… Best of Both: Transfer Relay when battery is fully charged.

  27. It’s a Whole New World! Grid-Tie • Cost effective in EVERY state now!

  28. Prices as low as $3, $2, $1/w Harbor Freight $150 on sale 45Watt = $3/w But … Produces 45W in same area as 180W home panel of same cost/w.

  29. Home Power Generation Home Solar 4 kW Gas 4 kW Wind 5 Kw Prius 50 kW peak (10 kW average)

  30. It’s a Whole New World! Grid-Tie • Cost effective in EVERY state now!

  31. Grid-Tie Economics! • The problem of off-grid is the Batteries • (Only 70% EFFICIENT)! • Grid-tie IS 95% EFFICIENT! Improvement (factor of 1.35) • No battery replacement costs -$1000 per year (factor of 2) • No Solar credits (+ $1000 Income per year) • Economics in 2010 compared to 2007 • Electricity cost has doubled! Factor of 2.0 • Solar panels cost has halved! Factor of 2.0 • Therefore It’s 11 times better NOW to go Solar • But Wait, there’s more! • Government Incentives! Grid-tie inverter

  32. Government Incentives! • Federal gives 30% tax credit. No limit • As much as $15,000 right into your pocket • Factor of 1.43! • State of Maryland Grant • For my 8kW system that’s a $7000 check in my pocket • $1.25 / W for first 2 kw, $.075 / W for next 6 kW • Factor of 1.3 • AA County Real Estate Tax credit • up to 50% of total remaining after above (Maybe $3000) • Factor of 1.13 • Total Gov’t Incentive Factors = 2.0

  33. Total Cost Factors! • Grid-Tie versus no Batteries • Better effectivness by Factor of 2.7! • Economics of Electricity and Solar • X 2 (for higher rates) X 2 (for lower costs) = Factor of 4 • Tax credits and incentives • Factor of 2 • CONCLUSION:It makes 22 times more sense to go solar now than it did 3 years ago(if you think in terms of Battery Storage systems (typical for hams) like I did).

  34. But there’s more!(Return on Investment) • Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SREC’s) • About $250 income/year /KW 10% return/yr • Electric Bill • Free Electricity for life 10% return /yr • Cost of 0-net-grid-tie - 5% cost /yr • (you still have to pay about $10 fixed costs even if you use no electricity) • But SREC income pays 10 times as much! • Maintenance • Practically zero Total Return on Investment… about 12% per year Compare that to the banks (2% ?) or stock market (- 30% ?!) PLUS: your 12% only goes up as energy costs go up!

  35. But there’s more!(Do it yourself! ***) • Commercial system: $25,000 for a 4kW system? • Cost of solar panels $12,600 (18 at $700 vs $1000) • Cost of inverter $2100 versus $3000 • Cost of wire, disconnects, breakers, etc $200 • Cost of Master Electrician to certify system $200 • TOTAL about $15,000 Savings (DIY)$10,000 Tax credits, Grants, SREC’s etc $ 7,500 NET COST TO YOU… $ 7,500 Pays for itself in4 years. Then FREE POWER for LIFE! *** Must hire a Master Electrician for Electrical work ***

  36. But I’m a ham!I want Battery Backup…! • Why?.... • At what cost? $12,000? • For 4 hours every year you lose power? (90 cents) • For 2 days you lose once every 10 years? ($6) • Makes practically zero economic sense! You pay about $2400 / KWH (compared to 15 cents/KWH) (2000 times more!)

  37. But I’m a ham!I want Battery Backup…! You can have it! EASY AND CHEAP! $ 120 • Spend $120 for a 1200 Watt Inverter • Hook to your car battery • Power Refrigerator and lights in your house for days! • You do use CFL bulbs, right?

  38. But I’m a ham!You do use CFL bulbs, right? Down to $1 each 25% of the power! 10 times the life + Air Conditioning savings of 5%! = 5:1 savings! EER of 1-to-1 is 3.412 BTU/ watt. So with EER of 10, 100W bulb takes 30W of AC!

  39. Use of Piers for Solar/Wind prohibited Blocked by State from putting solar panels on a pier (to avoid shade)… Then blocked by Country from putting in my yard!

  40. Use of Piers for Solar/Wind prohibited • This standard pier plan REJECTED by MDE due to no-solar-on-pier Laws

  41. Solar Pier Argument • My house uses • 10 MWHrs / yr • Coal Plant (for me) • produces: • 22,000 Lbs CO2 • 350 lbs sulfur dioxide • 1 Oz Uranium and Thorium • .02g of Mercury With 8 KW Solar Array, pollution would be Zero.

  42. 2.8 kW Solar Boat Work-around • Approved by DNR as Boat under 26’ • Plug into any shore power and feed grid! • (But I don’t want to maintain it for 30 years)

  43. Efficiency must > 70% To get Gov’t Credits Free Home Estimate includes sky survey No Shadows allowed for 6+ hours per day

  44. Efficiency using PVwatts Google it! Grid-Tie implies surprising results! 120% 125% 100% South 94% SE 96% SW 85% FLAT! (battery system 65% worse and must be South)

  45. Efficiency using PVwatts Grid-Tie implies surprising results! Google it! Winter 55 deg 94% SE 96% SW 85% FLAT! Summer 25 deg Changing TWICE per year only gains 2%!

  46. Portable Power Generation 350 W aux power 1200W AC inverter $120 • Invert to 115 VAC • For distribution • 95% efficiency • Saves 100:1 in wire losses

  47. Modern Power Distribution Power Systems have CHANGED! 9 amp 8 amp 18 amp Switching supply takes up 8% of the space and only 10% of the mass and works 100-240 VAC AND 150-330 VDC

  48. Power Distribution 330 VDC Nearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC Double to 230 VAC at source Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery Eliminate 75% of Distribution losses

  49. Power Distribution 330 VDC Nearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC Kenwood 115 VAC only supply Actually has internal jumper Eliminate 75% of Distribution losses

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