Brewing up Access & Delivery to Reach Users: Convergent Library Services and Systems

1. Brewing up Access & Delivery to Reach Users: Convergent Library Services and Systems Cyril Oberlander, SUNY Geneseo LiSUG October 10, 2008 Library Software Users Group Speaker notes available by viewing powerpoint notes

2. State of Discovery VueFind Koha First Search Aleph Worldcat.org 360° Google, Yahoo, etc. Evergreen Library Find JSTOR Etc.

3. Before leaving Discovery: Worldcat API http://code4lib.org/conference/2008/walker

4. State of Delivery • Information Resources • Databases & Proxy Server • Circulating collection • Non-circulating collection • Reference collection • Microform collection • Storage collection • Special collection • Etc. • Services • Access it – Download/Print it • Acquisitions – Request it • Circulation - Check out or Hold it • Document Delivery – Copy/Page it • ILL – Get It • Library Instruction & Reference – Teach it • Reserves – Hold it for class • Etc.

5. State of Social Network Facebook, MySpace, SecondLife, etc. Flickr: Picture Autralia, Library of Congress, etc. Wikipedia: Digital libraries, Articles written by students as assignments, etc. Worldcat reviews And plenty more… ?

6. What is our next priority?Activity Time Take 7 minutes to discuss at your table: What are the top 2 most important software systems or particular technology we need to develop or implement in libraries to help our users? Record what you as a group decide on the index card at your table.

7. Our community voice… • Federated Search 8 votes • (added notes: “good”, “really good”, “that really works,” ) • Multidimensional discovery system • Library Scholar – Open Source Software allowing users to customize to their needs. • ILS system with (semantic web, did you mean, clear labels, flagging, rating, similar interface, federated search) • Transparency of all systems (Meta portal) • Harvest all our info. And put in 1 system • Search everything • Simplify search & retrieval • Google • Amazon.com like catalog • QVC online • Digitize everything 2 votes • Single sign on • Information commons • eBooks • Get all our content out on open web/Google • Google Books • Decrease confusion about rights management, etc. Delivery Discovery • Social Networking on Federated Searching • Immediate interactive responses that incorporate social aspects. • Biometrics / wearable computing • Querying personalization Social Network

8. Focusing on what Matters… • Discovery isn’t our problem – Service Delivery is • “main frustration is not with the research discovery services themselves, but with the problem of subsequently accessing identified sources and materials.” Research Information Network (2006) survey of researchers. • “We now have a situation in which users may discover items in online indexes or online library catalogues then hit a dead end as far as delivery is concerned. This is a dangerous situation for the role of libraries in general. If libraries collectively do not seek to find ways to get around these dead ends others will.” Gatenby & Goldner, 2005

9. Service Request – in what context? Rare Materials Scan Request Purchase Request Video Booking Request Library Services are fragmented by Request Systems that Reinforce functional divisions E-Reserve Request Special Collection Duplication Request

10. What are Requests?

11. Keeping our eyes on where Requests are taking us?

12. Keeping our eyes on where Requests are taking us? • To a user-centric focal point - where they want us to be. • To a point of need – a unique opportunity. • Towards a new model – a dialogue & participatory migration plan

13. there is no precision or agreement to what a transformed library is or how it will emerge…. • information environment (content and services) continues to rapidly change for users and libraries… Reality Check – Because… What is our response? Who decides?

14. Strategic planning (SWOT, etc.) What are the deal breakers? What are the priorities and strategic next steps? • Delivery options • Format options • Hold options • Policy options • Fee options • Adopt me – visiting library privileges • Etc. • Service cost • Impact on workflow • Expand options: • Batch • Un-mediate • Mediate only when needed. • New sources • Financial flexibility (IFM, EFTS, Credit Card) • Leverage data • (local/global) User Needs Library Needs ROI Vendor Needs • Development cost • Protecting market share & IP • Maintenance & Sustainability • New Customers?

15. From the User’s Perspective Undergraduate have a variety of successful strategies – see Univ. of Rochester’s Studying Students report http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/acrlpubs/downloadables/downloads.cfm Users feel confident in locating information OCLC Perceptions www.oclc.org/reports/2005perceptions.htm Dempsey, Lorcan, 11 June 2008 Web 2.0, Library Systems and the Library SystemSCONUL Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland (UK)

16. User Search & Discovery Get Options Do library service offerings make sense? Find it @ your Library or drive to another library, or ILL from your Library, or request Library buy it.

17. Free Domain Context Sensitive Workflow Sense-making for us & our users Borrowing / Library Domain Renting Domain Buying Domain

18. Free Domain

19. UVA ILL 2005/2006 Data Looking for Moby – Free Online Books 2006/2007 Over 23% were found in Google Book

20. Renting Domain • Also… • ILL Libraries that charge lending fees • Charge = Cost of Lending? • 2002 $9.28 / unit • $9.48 / unit • http://www.arl.org/newsltr/230/illdd.html

21. Peer 2 Peer Domain

22. Buying Domain: Article Pay Per View Amazon $5.95 Avg. ILL Cost $17.50 CCC Royalty Fee $32 Science Direct Download $30

23. Resource Sharing Resource Shopping $13.79 New $9.44 Used In 2004, OCLC ILL traffic’s frequently requested titles included: 3,187 requests for The DaVinci Code 1,197 requests for The Secret Life of Bees Average ILL cost $17.50 for borrowing library Almost $30 for borrowing + lending libraries (ARL 2002) $22.94 New $12.94 Used Save Over 46% Save Over 26%

24. April 6, 2008 a day in the life of ILL… • On April 6, 2008, 110 borrowing requests for loans came into SUNY Geneseo, of these… • 20.9% or 23 items could not be purchased from Amazon • 79.1% or 87 items could be purchase from Amazon • If monograph budgets didn’t matter… • Of those 87 items that could be purchased from Amazon: • Purchased used for a grand total of $2,224.71 coming to $25.57 per item. • Purchase new (3 could only be purchased used) for a grand total of $2,851.27 coming to $32.77 per item. • However… • Over 1/3 could be purchased used for less than $10 (almost 1/5 for less than $5). • Over 1/5 could be purchased new for less than $10. • 46% could be purchased for under the ARL unit cost for borrowing: $17.50 • 2 DVD requests could be filled for under $6 each (used), or under $10 each (new). • 2 Music CD requests could be filled for under $9 each (used), or under $14 each (new). When should we evaluate buying options?

25. Buying books for users? Sample of 52 D.E. ILL requests: 50% available to purchase in Amazon ~ 6% for $1 (Rush shipping for $4) Avg. cost to acquire & catalog: $83.10 Est. cost of ILL & D.E. Service: $26.78 Avg. cost for ILL: $17.50 Avg. cost for Consortia Circulation: $2.04-14.70

26. How do we transform workflow? Recommended enhancements $ • Proposed Services… • Amazon$ like worldcat.org • Just in Time Acquisition: • Buy for Library, • Attach OCLC symbol, &/or download to ILS • Refer to selector for review. • Buy for user • Rent for user • APIs to Google Book, Amazon, CCC, OCA, Publishers, etc. • Correct OCLC holdings

27. RSS Fed Channels Real Simple Syndication – content feed to your reader You choose what & how much content or Resources to add Add Workflow like Content feeds Workflow should be customizable like an RSS reader Edit how many items in that Channel

28. Tools that show the way… Book Burro Click on library to run a search into your catalog. Book Mooch & PaperBackSwap Amazon, Abebooks, etc.

29. Other Tools: LibX, GoGetter & Zotero LibX: http://www.libx.org/ GoGetter: http://www.rethinkingresourcesharing.org/getit.html Zotero: http://www.zotero.org/

30. Add ChannelBorrowing, Document Delivery, Lending, Process, Queues Book Request (Edit) Local Source(Edit) Auto-Search (Edit) Digital Libraries: integrating content and systems Standard #: OCLC: 70264471 Req. by: Cyril Oberlander, Faculty Source: WorldCat.org Digital Libraries: integrating content and systems. 2006 Checked Out: Due Never Hold: 1 Times Checked Out: 5 No other copies at UVA Create Hold? Worldcat OCLC# (6 records, 80 holdings) (VIEW) Purchasing Sources AmazonBuy for $99.94 Barnes & Noble Buy for $59.95 Search Engine OAI Repositories Modeling a mediated ILL Loan workflow… Alert CD Profile Match Get / Deliver (Edit) OCLC Worldcat Digital Libraries: integrating content and systems #7026447133 holdings #70264475 5 holdings SUNY CCD holdings: 1 Purchasing Sources Amazon: Buy for $99.94 Amazon Library Processing Barnes & Noble: Buy for $59.95 OAI Repositories No match Search Engine No match in Google Book Search Next Step (Edit) Cyril Oberlander:cwo4n@virginia.edu, W: 434-243-2282, F: 434-924-4337, Mail, AIM: electroniccyrilChat No Fees, prefers electronic delivery, away December, 2006. Edit Process:Fill Electronic, Cancel, Contact Cyril, Contact SourceAdd Note/Task

31. Add ChannelBorrowing, Document Delivery, Lending, Process, Queues Book Request (Edit) Local Source (Edit) Auto-Search (Edit) Digital Libraries: integrating content and systems Standard #: OCLC: 70264471 Req. by: Cyril Oberlander, Faculty Source: WorldCat.org Digital Libraries: integrating content and systems. 2006 Checked Out: Due Never Hold: 1 Times Checked Out: 5 No other copies at UVA Create Hold? Worldcat OCLC# (6 records, 80 holdings) (VIEW) Purchasing Sources AmazonBuy for $99.94 Barnes & Noble Buy for $59.95 Search Engine OAI Repositories Finding the options that fit the user & your needs Buy with Library Processing Send to Library Buy with Library Processing Send to User Edit Options Get / Deliver (Edit) OCLC Worldcat Digital Libraries: integrating content and systems #7026447133 holdings In State holdings: 2 Purchasing Sources Amazon: Buy for $99.94 Amazon Library Processing Barnes & Noble: Buy for $59.95 OAI Repositories No match Search Engine No match in Google Book Search • If buying, my system preference is to: • Automate attach OCLC holdings, ILS order record download, user hold placed… • Automate email or RSS status of request and delivery tracking link. • Delivery to user, shipment tracked, w/Amazon Library Processing • Have Amazon send quarterly invoice, or charge OCLC IFM Next Step (Edit) Cyril Oberlander:cwo4n@virginia.edu, W: 434-243-2282, F: 434-924-4337, Mail, AIM: electroniccyrilChat No Fees, prefers electronic delivery, away December, 2006. Edit Process:Fill Electronic, Cancel, Contact Cyril, Contact SourceAdd Note/Task

32. What is our current strategy? • Single Library Framework: Who’s on First? • ILL or Acquisition? • Separate workflows Collection Development & Resource Sharing What is the service relationship between Acquisition, Collection Development and Resource Sharing? It’s changing… “for monographs, purchase may be a reasonable substitute for interlibrary loan.” (Holley, 2005) SUNY CCD – discussing a 5 copy of a title benchmark

33. Get It or Purchase Request Just-in-Time Acquisitions Acquisitions Order Forms Book Order form Book Purchase Recommendation Book Purchase Request Form Book Request Form Book Suggestion Form Collection Development Library Collections Library Order Recommendation Library Recommendation Form Materials Request Material Selections Policy New Materials Order Order Items Purchase Recommendation Purchase Request Purchase Requests for Library Collection Recommend a Purchase Request a Purchase Suggest a Purchase Suggest a Title for the Collection Suggest New Library Material Suggestions for Acquisition Titles to consider for Library Purchase Interlibrary Loan Borrow Direct Document Delivery Get It IDS Information Delivery Service Request Interlending Interlibrary Loan InterLibrary Service Place Requests Request It Requests Resource Sharing Requests are opportunities

34. Transformation means questions for ourselves & users • What are the questions we ask? • Notes: • Accept in other Language? • What’s worth asking? • Would this be an important work for the library to consider adding to the collection? • How long might you expect this work to be relevant? • Using a rating (1 low – 5 high) how important is this to your students? • Did a colleague recommend this? • If available at nearby libraries, is it worth the library acquiring? • What format is ideal for your use of this work? • How would you like this delivered?

35. Collection Development Decision Collection Development & Information Delivery Services Information Delivery Services Decision

36. IDS Project 2006/2007 Data: Unfilled within IDS Libraries What can cooperation lead to… Articles Subscription Cost 79 requests for Early Child development and Care $2,973 57 requests for Terrorism and Political Violence $610 51 requests for Archives of general psychiatry $490 Loans New Cost 15 requests for Synthesis and optimization of digital circuits $135.69 7 requests for Treatise on harmony $10.10 6 requests for The pursuit of happyness $3.24 • What does this data mean to us? Opportunities? • Coordinated Collection Development • Shared Collections or shared leased collections • Workflow and Service opportunities

37. Digitize on Demand for ILL & Digital Library… • “Small items that are too fragile to circulate on interlibrary loan are usually supplied through a photocopy. But photocopying often shortens the life of the original… LOC now scans this type of material and delivers the images via the Web… A scanned item will be accessible from this page for at least six months… then be permanently accessible from the Library of Congress catalog…, and an 856 tag will also be added for the DLC holdings record in OCLC.” • Digital Interlibrary Loan, Library of Congress: http://www.loc.gov/rr/loan/illscanhome.html • Others doing this… • National Library of Australia, for public domain Australian works that are requested by ILL: http://www.nla.gov.au/policy/digitisation.html • Europe eTen DoD: http://www.uibk.ac.at/ub/dea/eten/ • OCR Quality Assurance on Demand – reCAPTCHA • See: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93605988 Other Symmetrical Convergence: Digital Library & ILL

38. Print on Demand - a solution to rare material ILL, or another acquisitions program? There are over 12K books from the Michigan Historical Reprint Series in Amazon; prices range between $12-$43. “Print-on-demand is an attractive alternative for scholars on a budget. Another top seller, the 1898 textbook "A Treatise on Universal Algebra with Applications" by Alfred North Whitehead, is available from Cornell for $35.99 versus $600 for the original from a used book dealer. “ http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/April07/LibAmazon.dea.html Asymmetrical convergence: Digitizing and Printing – Borrowing options for medium rare

39. Other convergent strategies: parallel partnerships

40. What is your community? Access (Hackfest): http://access2008.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca/program/ Code4Lib: http://code4lib.org/ Code4Lib(New York): http://nyc.code4lib.org/ BarCamp: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BarCamp BeTech: http://wordpress.betech.virginia.edu/ Educause: http://www.educause.edu/ LITA: http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/lita/litahome.cfm MobileMonday-NY: http://mobilemonday-ny.com/ Open Source Systems for Libraries: http://www.oss4lib.org/ SourceForge: http://sourceforge.net/ What questions do we ask? What strategies and projects can we share?

41. What does it take to be a users favorite? Migration Strategy

42. Fostering Connectedness or Interactions • Communities • Collections • Space: Individual and Social Reaching users through Community How do we create rich experiences Information & Learning Environments?

43. Wikipedia as Library Platform “Using Wikipedia to Extend Digital Collections,” D-Lib Magazine, May/June 2007, v. 13 (5/6) http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may07/lally/05lally.html

44. What is a Library? Community Engagement

45. http://www.bbccharterreview.org.uk/have_your_say/white_paper/wp_home.htmlhttp://www.bbccharterreview.org.uk/have_your_say/white_paper/wp_home.html 1922 BBC Radio 1940 TV Today: BBC runs one of the most visited websites in 43 languages and has 146 million listeners per week. Digital Britain… A public service for all: the BBC in the digital age, March 2006 “Providing a compelling range of content and services is one way the BBC will help encourage people to adopt digital technology… BBC plans… offering more BBC content on demand, especially on portable devices and in public spaces…” Review of the BBC’s Royal Charter May 2005. BBC Charter Review:The remaking of the BBC & Digital Britain

46. BBC & Digital Britain

47. Community Content / Participatory Networking Picture Australia: http://www.pictureaustralia.org BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/apictureofbritain/gallery/ Interactive Engagement

48. Why not Community Labs & Services that build content? • Family Histories • Oral Histories • Authors • Businesses • Researchers • Artists Community Content & Programming “Libraries help in nurturing a society of life-long learners who can accelerate the creation of intellectual capital and create a new cycle of national innovation. This is an important factor of competition, much needed for success in a competitive knowledge-based economy” For an innovative look at Libraries as knowledge economic drivers,See more: http://www.nlb.gov.sg/L2010/L2010.pdf

49. “Ubiquitous handheld access is more prominent thanks to digital lifestyle devices such as smart phones and iPods, yet libraries still focus on digital content for typical desktop PCs.” Robert McDonald & Chuck Thomas, “Disconnects Between Library Culture & Millennial Generation Values,” Educause Quarterly No. 4, 2006 • Specific uses to be aware of: • Mobile Technology – why? • 1.1 billion library usersOCLC report: http://www.oclc.org/reports/2003libsstackup.htm • GSM Association reports that 2.5 billion people currently use GSM phones for mobile communication, and predicts that “mobile communication will deliver affordable voice, data and Internet services to more than 5 billion people by 2015.” Mobile Community Spaces What Format Does our user want?

50. Brewing up Library Service to reach users… Determining what matters…