Proposals for the Government Program on Promoting Voluntary Resettlement in the Russian Federation of Former Residents N

1. Institute of Demography, Migration, and Regional Development Proposals for the Government Program on Promoting Voluntary Resettlement in the Russian Federation of Former Residents Now Living Abroad Svobodny Cosmodrome: a Potential Space Industry Cluster and Development Corridor in Russia’s Amur Region Yuri Krupnov 2007

2. Reversing the population outflow President Vladimir Putin said in December 2006: “Ultimately, all our plans must aim to make the Far East a comfortable and attractive place for people to live.” • Reverse the outflow from the Russian Far East • Promote internal immigration - from Russia’s Western regions - from among our compatriots living abroad Turn the migration vector around 180 degrees!

3. Raise population densityand skill levels Goals of the State Program: Reverse depopulation Create skilled manufacturing jobs Combined result: higher population density and skill levels in the border areas

4. The population density objective Current population density Amur Region 2.4 per sq km Heilongjiang Province 80 per sq km OBJECTIVE – in 5 years, raise the Amur Region’s population density to 2.8 – 3.0people per square km, from 873,000 inhabitants to 1,000,000.

5. Five clusters — the technological basis for developing the Amur Region The regional governor wants to organize tens of thousands of new high-skilled jobs in: Timber processing Space services industry Machine-building Soybeans Transport and energy

6. The core of the project to resettle the Amur Region could becreation of a full-fledged cosmodrome based onthe SVOBODNY LAUNCH FACILITYand the military town of UGLEGORSK

7. Competitive advantages of a • Svobodny Cosmodrome • Greatest skilled manpower concentration in • Russia’s eastern half • Best launch location in Russia – 52ºNorth Latitude • Excellent available angles of launch • Empty areas for Launch Hazard Zones • Capacity to launch sun-synchronous or • geosynchronous satellites, and manned • spacecraft

8. Strategic Region #1− the western Pacific Ocean along the coast of China

9. THREE OPTIONS FOR THE SVOBODNY COSMODROME AND UGLEGORSK Closing of the space launch facility and Uglegorsk Maintaining a small-scale satellite launch center Creation of the first Russian National Cosmodrome

10. The first national cosmodrome can be based on a space transport system using Zenith-class rockets and the Clipper shuttle,

11. satellite launches by light Start-class rockets, and spacecraft control functions

12. EASTERN DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR UGLEGORSK – KOMSOMOLSK-ON-AMUR

13. The “Long” Eastern Development Corridor A transportation arc Amur-Yakutsk Highway– Uglegorsk – Komsomolsk – (Selikhino – Sakhalin – Hokkaido)

14. Down the road –a bridge to Sakhalin Island

15. A cluster based on the Svobodny Cosmodrome Russian Federation Government, Far East Federal District, RF Ministry of Defense Vostok federal space center under Roskosmos Regional and local governments Svobodny Cosmodrome management Consortium of aerospace companies, developing the Svobodny Cosmodrome Intermediary companies (suppliers of raw materials, parts, and machinery for the aerospace industry) SVOBODNY Far East Space Cluster Supplier companies for space services, in Far East Federal District Space R&D organizations contracted by Svobodny Cosmodrome Financial and insurance organizations Military and other R&D organizations Science organizations, Space Training Center Innovational space technology park Infrastructure provider companies Companies in related sectors Customers for space services Schools and universities Children’s Space Academy

16. An urban complex around Uglegorsk, Svobodny, Shimanovsk, Seryshevo, and Gar Future population: 200,000

17. Uglegorsk has housing and other social infrastructure

20. A space industry-centered Special Economic Zone will attract Russian and foreign investment. Besides China, foreign partners could include Singapore, South Korea, and Japan.