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Essential Organic Molecules: Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, & Nucleic Acids

Explore the key building blocks of life on Earth: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Learn how these molecules play vital roles in energy production, cellular processes, and genetic information. Discover their structures, functions, and importance in sustaining life. Unveil the fascinating world of organic chemistry through a comprehensive overview of these fundamental components. Delve into the intricate structures and functions that drive the biology of living organisms. Enhance your knowledge of macromolecules and their significance in biochemical processes.

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Essential Organic Molecules: Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, & Nucleic Acids

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  1. Question: Homework: What one atom is the most importantin allowing life on Earth? • (lab) 6 Properties of Water

  2. Carbon Compounds

  3. Carbon- • The study of all compounds containingcarbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogenis called organic chemistry • Carbon can bond to make long chainslike no other atom can do.

  4. Macromolecules- • “Giant Molecules”

  5. Macromolecules- • 4 Classes of organic molecules • Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) • Proteins • Lipids (fats) • Nucleic Acids (genetic material) • *each of these are made from smaller subunits • LEGO ANALOGY

  6. Carbohydrates- • The main source of energy in living things! • Carbohydrate is a fancy word for • SUGAR (glucose). • *Anything ending in -ose is a carb. • Monosaccharide- a single sugar molecule. • ex. Glucose (simple sugar) • Polysaccharide- many sugars strung together. • ex. Starch (complex carb)

  7. Carbohydrates- Your body uses carbohydrates for immediatesources of energy (turns into ATP). This is why it is so important to keep bloodsugar balanced. Think Diabetes.

  8. Proteins- Strings of amino acids combine to make proteins with very specific shapes and functions. Their shape is what givesthem their job. Their shape is due to thesequence of amino acidsthat makes them up.

  9. http://www.foodstolove.co.uk/nutrition/one-step-better-than-eating-protein/http://www.foodstolove.co.uk/nutrition/one-step-better-than-eating-protein/

  10. Proteins- Highly Sensitive!!! If pH or temperaturechanges, shape will changeand they will not be able towork properly.

  11. Lipids- • Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, • lipids store energy • A fancy word for FATS. • Some can be used as a waterproof covering • to surround cells.

  12. Lipids- • Considered to be “hydrophobic” • They DO NOT like to mix with water. • Includes waxes, fats, etc.

  13. Nucleic Acids- NUCLEOTIDES combine to make nucleic acids. These are DNA The order of nucleotides in your DNA holds thecode for all of your body’s proteins to be made.

  14. Summary- • Building Blocks!!! • Carbs = sugars • starches made ofsimple sugars • Proteins made of amino acids (A.A.s) • Nucleic Acids made of nucleotide bases

  15. Question: Homework: Which of the four groups of moleculesis responsible for giving us our mainsource of energy? • (lab) Properties of Water

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