1 / 17

The Enlightenment in Europe Age of Reason

The Enlightenment in Europe Age of Reason. Chapter 22.2. Views on Government. Thomas Hobbes: Believed that all humans were born evil and selfish and that it was the job of the government to maintain order.

ganya
Télécharger la présentation

The Enlightenment in Europe Age of Reason

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Enlightenment in EuropeAge of Reason Chapter 22.2

  2. Views on Government • Thomas Hobbes: • Believed that all humans were born evil and selfish and that it was the job of the government to maintain order. • Social Contract: people giving up individual rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law and order. (Absolute Monarchy)

  3. Views on Government • John Locke: • Believed people could learn from experience and were born with natural rights. • Purpose of the government was to protect those rights. • If the government does not uphold its end of the deal the people have the right to overthrow it. • “government by the consent of the governed”

  4. Question: • Do you think our U.S. government is doing a good job of upholding it’s end of the deal? Why or why not?

  5. Philosophes • Enlightenment reached its height in France in the mid-1700’s. • Social Critics of the time were called Philosophes • Believed in five basic principles: • Reason: Truth can be discovered through logical thinking. • Nature: believed what was natural was good and reasonable and that there were natural laws to economics and politics just like motion.

  6. Happiness: believed that if a person lived by nature’s laws they would be happy on Earth and not just in the afterlife. • Progress: Believed that because a scientific approach could be applied to society and humankind, perfection was within reach. • Liberty: Envied the freedom that the English Bill of Rights provided and thought that society could be set free through reason.

  7. Francois Voltaire • Commented on French politics and government. • Often used satire against his opponents. • Targeted the clergy, aristocracy and government • Sent to prison twice before being exiled to England. • While he was there he came to admire the English government, especially the English Bill of Rights • He returned to Paris and questioned the laws and customs of France. • The king and bishops did not appreciate this and eventually he was forced to flee Paris.

  8. Baron de Montesquieu • Believed that England had the best government of the day because power was balanced between three groups. • Separation of powers: • Executive power • Legislative power • Judicial power • He believed that power should be a check to power.

  9. Think Tank • How is our government influenced by Baron de Montesquieu’s philosophies?

  10. Jean Jacques Rousseau • People were born good and that society corrupted them. • He believed that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and reflected the “general will” of the people (Direct Democracy) • This meant that people would give up some of their freedom for the good of all. • The Social Contract was an agreement between free individuals to create a society and government.

  11. Mind Bender • Give some examples of how society corrupts people.

  12. CesareBeccaria • Focused on the justice system. • He believed that laws were in place to preserve social and political order not as punishment. • Believed that the accused had the right to a speedy trial and that the punishment should fit the crime. • Did not believe in torture or capital punishment (Death Penalty)

  13. So Easy a Caveman Can Answer It! • What U.S. Constitutional amendment gives citizens a right to a speedy trial? (Remember your hand signals!)

  14. Women and Enlightenment • Even though there was a lot of progress for society as a whole, most philosophes took a traditional view on the role of women. • Did not believe that women should participate in government or receive an education that was out of their sphere of influence (the home).

  15. Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. • Argued that women needed to be educated in order to be better citizens and raise better citizens. • Thought women should not only be nurses but also doctors. • Women also participated in politics by spreading Enlightenment ideas in salons. • Large drawing rooms that held social gatherings.

  16. Opinion! • Do you think that mothers with a higher education raise smarter children?

  17. Long Term Effects of Enlightenment • Belief in Progress: • New discoveries in science opened the door to use logic and reason to answer society’s questions as well. • A More Secular Outlook: • People no longer just accepted religious beliefs as absolute truth but began to question the logic behind them. • Importance of the Individual: • As people turned away from the King and Church they began to turn inward for the answers to their problems.

More Related