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Ancient Civilizations of Pre-Columbian America

Explore the diverse cultures and civilizations of pre-Columbian America. From migration to agriculture and the rise of Mayans, Aztecs, and Incans, learn about the unique societies that thrived. Discover the architectural wonders, resourceful tribes, and impact of European contact.

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Ancient Civilizations of Pre-Columbian America

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  1. Pre-Columbian America

  2. Migration to the Americas • Estimates: as long as 35,000 years ago • Crossed the Bering Sea over a land bridge • As people fanned through the W. Hemisphere, separate and distinct cultures emerged

  3. Agriculture & Resources • Agriculture is the key to the birth of civilization • Control over the food supply • Increased population growth • Allow for groups to splinter off and form new communities • Pursuits of other interests • Maize • Societies developed based on the resources available to them

  4. Mayans, Aztecs & Incans

  5. Mayan Structures Ball Court – Chichen Itza Observatory

  6. Hohokam & Anasazi (Southwestern Cultures) • Spanish called them Pueblos • Terraced buildings • Complex irrigation system

  7. Northwest/Pacific Coast Cultures • Homes were plank houses made of red cedar • Used totem poles to guard villages • Lived off of fish and hunting. Not as agriculturally based

  8. Mississippian Cultures • Built great earthen structures • Used rivers to trade with other cultures • Cahokia

  9. Eastern Cultures & the Iroquois • Hunted, fished & planted • Fertilzer • Three Sisters • Wooden structures and boats • Iroquois • Confederation of tribes – political structure • Communal societies • Matrilineal in nature

  10. Contact • European contact begins with Columbus • Estimates are 60-70 million pre-Columbian Native Americans in W. Hemisphere (about 3-10 million north of Mexico) • Columbian Exchange

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