Physical Fitness and Activity Assessment in Youth

1. Physical Fitness and Activity Assessment in Youth HPER 3150 Dr. Ayers

2. Physical Activity and Learning “Exercise and recreation . . . are as necessary as reading. I will rather say more necessary, because health is worth more than learning.” Thomas Jefferson

3. Relationship Between Physical Activity and Fitness Children are not “little adults” Child’s score on aerobic fitness test does not predict endurance activity performance

4. Skill-Related Fitness • Health-Related • Fitness Aerobic fitness Muscular strength/endurance Flexibility Body composition Agility Coordination Reaction time Balance Speed Power

5. National Fitness Studies • Dr. Hans Kraus study (1954): • 42% of American children passed the assessment, while • 92% of European school children passed the assessment • President Eisenhower was shocked and established the President’s Council on Youth Fitness (1956) • NCYFS I (1985) • NCYFS II (1987)

6. Are American Children and Youth Fit? Passing Rates on Youth Fitness Tests Corbin & Pangrazi (RQES, 1992) Strong et al. (2005)

7. 1967 AMA quotes • “Inadequate physical education programs must be strengthened . . . .” • “There is need . . . . to widen physical education offerings . . . . which contribute to . . . . well-being” • “Every pupil should . . . . [be exposed] to physical education which promotes understanding of the significance of physical education in maintaining health.”

8. Secretary of Health and Human Services 1996 “Schools and universities need to reintroduce daily, quality physical activity as a key component of a comprehensive education.”

9. Publication of Physical Activity Health A Report of the Surgeon General 1996

10. Full Report - 278 PagesExecutive Summary

11. % Young People Reporting NO Vigorous or Moderate Activity During Any of the Past 7 Days % Age U.S. Surgeon General’s Report, 1996

12. Other Prominent National Reports Healthy People 2010 Shape of the Nation 2006 F as in Fat Report 2007

14. Figure 12.2Physical activity in grades 9 through 12in the United States Grunbaum et al., MMWR, May 21, 2003

15. Why PA Decreases Over Time • Lack of time • Too competitive • Not fun anymore

16. Percent Overweight or ObeseGirls Vincent, Pangrazi et al., MSSE, 2003

17. Percent Overweight or ObeseBoys Vincent, Pangrazi et al., MSSE, 2003

18. Norm- Versus Criterion-Referenced Standards • Norm-Referenced Standards (original PPFT)Compare students to their peers • Criterion-Referenced Standards (Fitnessgram) Compare students to a health criterion

19. Review: Youth Fitness I • Relationship of fitness/activity to life • Two types of fitness • Health-related Skill-related • Relationship between age and physical activity • Reasons for decreasing PA with age • Norm- & Criterion-referenced standards

20. Youth Fitness Testing Batteries FITNESSGRAM: http://www.fitnessgram.net/home/ The President's Challenge: www.fitness.gov Eurofit

21. FITNESSGRAM PACER Skinfolds* Curl-Up Trunk Lift Push-Ups

22. Printed with permission from the Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas.

23. President’s Challenge Physical Fitness Test Items curl-ups or partial curl-ups shuttle run endurance run/walk pull-ups or flexed arm hang V-sit Health Fitness Test partial curl-ups one-mile run/walk v-sit (or sit and reach) right angle push-ups (or pull-ups) Body Mass Index

24. Fill in the Blank PROCESS Physical activity is a __________ that leads to the product, PHYSICAL FITNESS _______________________

25. Enhancing Reliable and Valid Fitness Test Results with Children • Attain adequate knowledge of test descriptions • Give proper demonstrations and instructions • Develop good student and teacher preparation through adequate practice trials • Conduct reliability studies

26. Special Children Brockport Physical Fitness Test Items See Table 12-12

27. Measuring Physical Activity in Youth • Physical activity improves the overall health of children • Physically inactive children tend to become inactive adults with higher risks for chronic diseases • Physically active children tend to become active adults with lower risks for chronic diseases

28. Accelerometers

29. Pedometers

30. ACTIVITYGRAM Physical Activity Questions Based on the CDC’s Youth Risk Factor Behavior Survey Aerobic Activity Question: On how many of the past 7 days did you participate in physical activity for a total of 30-60 minutes, or more, over the course of a day? This includes moderate activities (walking, slow bicycling, or outdoor play) as well as vigorous activities (jogging, active games or active sports such as basketball, tennis or soccer) (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 days) Strength Activity Question: On how many of the past 7 days did you do exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles? This includes exercises such as push-ups, sit-ups or weight lifting. (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 days) Flexibility Activity Question: On how many of the past 7 days did you do stretching exercises to loosen up or relax your muscles? This includes exercises such as toe touches, knee bending, or leg stretching. (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 days)

31. Figure 12.10ACTIVITYGRAM logging chart

32. Printed with permission from the Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas.

33. Printed with permission from the Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas.

34. Tell a friend one thing you learned TODAY that you will use as a professional