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Comprehensive Final Review Questions 1-40

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gari
113 diapositives · 1.3K Views · Jul 26, 2014

This review covers essential concepts in animal biology, focusing on body plans, symmetries, and reproductive strategies. Key topics include defining acoelomates, eucoelomates, and pseudocoelomates, along with examples of major animal groups like sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, and roundworms. It also explores hermaphroditism, different types of symmetry, and the significance of life cycle stages in animal development. Additionally, it addresses specific structures, like gemmules in sponges and mastax in rotifers, highlighting their biological functions.

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  1. Comprehensive Final ReviewQuestions 1-40 Sponges through Rotifers

  2. List the three major body symmetries, and an example of each.

  3. All animals are (heterotrophs/autotrophs).

  4. What does acoelomate mean? • What does eucoelomate mean? • How do you tell a psuedocoelom from a eucoelom?

  5. The Three body plans AcoelPseudocoelCoel Telling them apart: A pseudocoelomate is missing the layer of mesoderm on both sides of the cavity.

  6. What is a hermaphrodite?

  7. What is a hermaphrodite? • A hermaphrodite is any animal possessing male and female reproductive organs.

  8. The ventral side of a cat is its:a. face b. tail c. belly d. back

  9. The ventral side of a cat is its:a. face b. tail c. belly d. back • Belly

  10. Sponges spend most of their lives (attached/unattached) . The word for this is _____.

  11. Sponges spend most of their lives (attached/unattached). Attached The word for this is sessile.

  12. Define gemmules and their purpose.

  13. Define gemmules and their purpose. • Gemmules are food filled balls with amoebocytes and a protective coat formed by freshwater sponges to survive harsh conditions.

  14. What is a spicule? What’s an osculum?

  15. Sponge anatomy • Sponge skeleton • The main opening in a sponge through which water exits.

  16. How many layers of cells does a sponge have? What stage of the typical cnidarian life cycle are hydras missing?

  17. How many layers of cells does a sponge have? • Medusa What stage of the typical cnidarian life cycle are hydras missing?

  18. What type of reproduction do polyps undergo? What type of reproduction do medusas undergo?

  19. What type of reproduction do polyps undergo? • Asexual What type of reproduction do medusas undergo? • Sexual

  20. 17.Give an example of scyphozoan 18.Give an example of an anthozoan 19.Give an example of hydrohozoan

  21. Give an example of Scyphozoan Lions mane jellyfish Give an example of an Anthozoan Sea anemone Give an example of Hydrohozoan Hydra

  22. 20. What symmetry do cnidarians display? 21.What is a ctenophore? 22. How does one tell a ctenophore from a Cubozoan?

  23. What symmetry do cnidarians display? • Radial symmetry • Apical organ • Cilia • Bioluminescence What is a ctenophore? • An jellyfish like organism with an apical organ and ciliated tentacles. How does one tell a ctenophore from a Cubozoan?

  24. 23. Are all flatworms parasitic? 25. What is asexual reproduction in planarians called? 24. What is a planarian’s pharynx used for?

  25. Are all flatworms parasitic? • No,Turbellarians are free living. What is asexual reproduction in planarians called? • Fission/ • fragmentation. What is a planarian’s pharynx used for? • Feeding.

  26. 26. Do tapeworms have a digestive system? 28. What is a proglottid?

  27. Do tapeworms have a digestive system? • No, the host digests for the worm. What is a proglottid? • Complete male and female reproductive structure.

  28. 29. What is a flame cell? 27. What classes do the flukes belong to?

  29. What is a flame cell? • A cell that removes metabolic waste. What classes do the flukes belong to? • Monogenea and Trematoda.

  30. 30. Give an example of a free living roundworm. 31. What is a cuticle?

  31. Give an example of a free living roundworm. • Vinegar eels, • soil nematodes. What is a cuticle? • Noncellular protective cover

  32. 32. What is a hydrostatic skeleton?

  33. What is a hydrostatic skeleton? • The fluid in the pseudocoelom, against which nematode muscles can push. • The action is very similar to what happens when you squeeze a water toy

  34. 33. What causes trichinosis? 34. What type of symmetry do round worms have?

  35. What causes trichinosis? What type of symmetry do round worms have? • Trichinellaspirellis, a round worm. • Bilateral

  36. 35. What type of coelom do round worms have? 36. What causes elephantiasis?

  37. What type of coelom do round worms have? • Pseudocoelom. What causes elephantiasis? • A filarial worm

  38. 37. What is a rotifer? 38. Why does their name meal ‘wheel bearer”?

  39. What is a rotifer? • A tiny multicellular animal. Why does their name meal ‘wheel bearer”?

  40. 39. What is a mastax? • 40. What is parthenogenesis?

  41. 39. What is a mastax? • Muscular grinding pharynx in rotifers. • Reproduction in which unfertilized eggs develop into new individuals. • 40. What is parthenogenesis?

  42. 41. How many layers does an annelid have? 42. What are polychaetes, and where are they found? 43. What are oligochaetes, and where are they found?

  43. 41. How many layers does an annelid have? • Three. • Polychaetes are mostly marine annelids with many parapodia and setae. • Oligochaetes are mostly freshwater or terrestrial annelids with no parapodia and few setae, like earthworms. 42. What are polychaetes, and where are they found? 43. What are oligochaetes, and where are they found?

  44. 44. Explain why earthworms have both circular and longitudinal muscles, but round worms only have longitudinal?

  45. 44. Explain why earthworms have both circular and longitudinal muscles, but round worms only have longitudinal? Round worms are pseudocoelomate, while annelids are coelomate. This means there’s a layer of mesoderm around the gut for the circular muscles to attach without squeezing the gut.

  46. 45. What is Hirudin? 46. What is a gastropod, and give an example? 47. What is a bivalve, and give an example?

  47. 45. What is Hirudin? • Hirudin is an effective anticoagulant produced by leeches, and used in medicine. • Gastropods are mollusks with one large muscular foot upon which they move. Snails. • Bivalves are mollusks with a shell in two parts. Clams 46. What is a gastropod, and give an example? 47. What is a bivalve, and give an example?

  48. 48. What animals are in Cephalopoda? 49. How many layers do mollusks have?

  49. 48. What animals are in Cephalopoda? • Octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and the nautilus comprise Cephalopoda. • Mollusks have three layers 49. How many layers do mollusks have?

  50. 50. What is a trochophore? 51. Which class does not have trochophores?