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The Future of RHIC

The Future of RHIC. Quark Matter 2005, Budapest Samuel Aronson, BNL August 8, 2005 Past & present – 2000 - 2005 Near-term future – 2006 - 2012 Longer-term future – 2013 - 2020. STAR. 7 coupled accelerators Nucleus –nucleus collider from 20-200GeV/nucleon Symmetric or asymmetric species

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The Future of RHIC

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  1. The Future of RHIC Quark Matter 2005, Budapest Samuel Aronson, BNL August 8, 2005 Past & present – 2000 - 2005 Near-term future – 2006 - 2012 Longer-term future – 2013 - 2020

  2. STAR • 7 coupled accelerators • Nucleus –nucleus collider from 20-200GeV/nucleon • Symmetric or asymmetric species • Polarized p-p collisions up to 0.5TeV • Both capabilities unique world-wide Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 2

  3. RHIC – a Uniquely Flexible High Luminosity Collider (Nucleon-pair luminosity A1A2L allows comparison of different species) RHICnucleon-pair luminosity delivered to PHENIX Luminosity increased by 2 orders of magnitude in 4 years. Luminosity increased by 2 orders of magnitude in 4 years. Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 3

  4. Summary of RHIC Runs 1-5 Delivered Luminosity (Physics Weeks) Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 5

  5. RHIC Program Accomplishments • Five spectacularly successful annual runs • Physics discoveries: a new state of matter, “perfect liquid” • Scores of refereed papers, thousands of citations • Machine performance meeting and exceeding goals • Recently published peer-reviewed retrospectives on the first 3 years of heavy ion physics • Nuclear Physics A757 (in print today 8 August 2005) • Online • Where are we in the discovery phase? • Large new Au+Au and Cu+Cu samples (Runs 4 & 5) • Many new results from these here in Budapest http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03759474 Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 6

  6. Discoveries • We’ve learned we can do definitive studies of QCD at very high energy density in the laboratory! • These measurements tell us the following about the matter produced at RHIC: • Energy density > 15 GeV/fm3, T ~ 200 MeV • Sufficient to induce phase transitions • Consistent with production from initial state with gluon saturation • Extraordinary parton energy loss • ~Opaque to partons, ~transparent to leptons and photons • Thermalizes extremely rapidly, highly collective motion • Consistent with zero viscosity hydrodynamic models • “Perfect liquid” • Consistent with a strongly coupled plasma of quarks & gluons Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 7

  7. RHIC II A vision of the future of RHIC: “QCDLab” • Discoveries at RHIC  Compelling QCD questions: • The nature of confinement • The structure of quark-gluon matter above TC • The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter • Compelling questions  evolution of the Facility • 10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design) • e-cooling @ full energy • New detector capabilities • 50-fold increase in lattice gauge computing power applied to finite temperature QCD • eRHIC: e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 8

  8. Compelling questions • The nature of confinement • What is the nature of the phase transition? • Is chiral symmetry restored? • The structure of quark-gluon matter above TC • How does the thermodynamic character of the collision evolve so rapidly from the initial state? • What are the properties of the medium? • The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter • Is the initial state a Color Glass Condensate? • What is the spin structure and dynamics inside the proton? Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 9

  9. STAR Preliminary Key measurements • Hard probes (high pT, heavy quarks): sensitive to how the medium is created • jets • hidden charm & bottom • open charm & bottom • Electromagnetic probes(real & virtual gs): information about the medium’s early properties • Low-mass e+e− pairs • Thermal radiation • Polarized protons • W-production at s=500GeV Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 10

  10. Near and mid term: 2006-2012 • The big science questions for the field in this period are clear • The bulk of US heavy ion effort will be directed to evolving and operating RHIC • LHC will begin to produce results some time in this period Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 11

  11. RHIC Upgrade: overview A. Drees X upgrade critical for success O upgrade significantly enhances program Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 12

  12. Detector Upgrades Timeline Strawman schedule: depends on funding (TBD)* EBIS construction RHIC II: construction operation RHIC Accelerator & Detector R&D TOF and VTX construction; Muon trigger + “Small” upgrades: HBD, FMS, DAQ STAR HFT & PHENIX FVTX Next Generation Detector Upgrades STAR Forward/Inner Tracker System PHENIX Inner Tracker and Nosecone Cal Other approaches? *Target for presenting a plan to DOE: January 2006 LHC Heavy Ion Program Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 13

  13. RHIC vs. LHC & LHC is not a replacement for RHIC - they complement each other • Collision Energy • RHIC probes high energy density at y~0. The initial state (CGC) is probed at forward rapidity (low x) • LHC’s higher energies make high pT jets and heavy quarks more accessible. CGC is accessible at all rapidities • Dedicated, flexible facility • RHIC provides exploration vs. system size and energy, in hot and cold nuclear matter + p-p in the same detector. EBIS will expand the A-range and extend to U • At RHIC QCD is the prime objective • Unique capabilities with a future • Unique spin program aimed at some of the biggest hadron physics problems. There is a path forward leading to a polarized DIS collider facility (eRHIC) • Issues for the US in the LHC era • The US program has great momentum and excellent teams to do the physics and train the next generation • Just beginning to reap the benefits of a massive investment (people & equipment) • The US RHI community will also work at LHC Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 14

  14. Long term: 2013-2020 • eRHIC • Added e+A and polarized e+p capabilities • New detector, augmented user community • A+A, p+A, polarized p+p still available • Construction possible 2012-2014 Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 15

  15. Scientific Frontiers for eRHIC • Partonic matter under extreme conditions • Large “A” at RHIC : very high gluon densities • Saturation/Color Glass Condensate • Role of partons in nuclei • Confinement in nuclei • Hadronization in nuclear media • Nucleon structure and spin • Role of quarks & gluons in nucleons • Issues of confinement, low-x & DVCS… Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 16

  16. eRHIC at BNL High energy, high intensity polarized e (and e+) beams to collide with existing heavy ion and polarized proton beams + A new detector for e-p & e-A physics = Precision tool to probe fundamental and universal aspects of QCD Ee = 10 GeV (~5-10 GeV) TO BE BUILT Ep = 250 GeV (~50-250 GeV) EXISTS EA = 100 GeV/A (~ 10-100 GeV/A) EXISTS Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 17

  17. eRHIC & Other DIS Facilities Jlab12GeV TESLA-N eRHIC • First polarized DIS collider – new kinematic region • Variable energy, high luminosity: Lep ~1033-34 cm-2 sec-1 • Polarization of e,p and light ion beams ~ 70% • Ion species from p to U  high gluon densities Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 18

  18. eRHIC design concepts Standard ring-ring design Alternative linac-ring design simpler IR design multiple IRs possible Ee ~ 20 GeV possible more expensive Schematic HERA-III type detector concept Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 19

  19. RHIC priorities and challenges • e-cooling – enabling technology for the RHIC luminosity upgrade and for eRHIC • R&D getting funding from a variety of sources • New opportunities to make it cheaper and simpler • Some major hurdles for QCD Lab • Convince the community and NSAC LRP of science • Establish priority relative to other future NP facilities • Funding – construction & operating are not cheap • Great opportunity, but will require a lot of work on many fronts Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 20

  20. QCD Lab A. Drees, A. Deshpande Quark Matter 2005, Budapest 21

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