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Acids & bases

Explore the fundamental characteristics and behaviors of acids and bases. Learn about their distinctive properties, reactions, pH levels, and more in this informative guide.

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Acids & bases

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  1. Acids & bases

  2. Properties of Acids & Bases Acids Bases • Taste sour • Conduct electricity • Reacts with metals to produce H2 (g) • Reacts with bases to form salt & water • Turns blue litmus paper RED • pH 0-6 • Taste bitter • Feels slippery • Conducts electricity • Reacts with acids to form salt & water • Turns red litmus paper BLUE • pH 8-14

  3. Arrhenius Acids & Bases Acids Bases • hydrogen containing compounds that ionize to form H+ ions in aqueous solutions • H must be joined with a very electronegative element to ionize! • compounds that ionize to form OH- ions in aqueous solutions

  4. BrØnsted – Lowry Acids & Bases Acids Bases • Hydrogen-ion donor • Hydrogen-ion acceptor

  5. Conjugate Acids & Bases • Conjugate Acid • The particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion • Conjugate Base • The particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion Conjugate Acid-Base Pair - Two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion.

  6. Examples….

  7. Lewis Acids & Bases Acids Bases • Accepts a pair of e-s to form a covalent bond • Donates a pair of e-s to form a covalent bond

  8. pH – expressing H+ concentration • pH = -log [H+] pH 0-6 = acidic pH 7 = neutral pH 8-14 = basic • Neutral Solution [H+] = 1 x 10-7 M pH = -log [H+] = -log (1 x 10-7) = - (log 1 + log10-7) = - (0 + (-7)) = 7

  9. pOH • pOH = -log[OH-] pOH = 14-pH

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