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Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845. Essential Question:. Champion of the “Common Man”?. “King” Andrew?. OR. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860. Campaigning “on the Stump”. Why Increased Democratization?.

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Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

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  1. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845

  2. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

  3. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

  4. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

  5. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

  6. Campaigning “on the Stump”

  7. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees. • Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. • Spoils system. • Rise of Third Parties. • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: • Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854) • Democrats (1828)

  8. Jackson's Early Life

  9. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

  10. Jackson's First Presidential Run

  11. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

  12. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC] William H. Crawford[GA]

  13. John Quincy Adams Administration (1825-1829)

  14. Opposition to John Quincy Adams • Some believed he allowed too much political control to be held by elites. • Some objected to his support of national economic development on constitutional grounds. • Adams believed a strong, active central government was necessary. • A national university. • An astronomical observatory. • A naval academy. • Many Americans saw Adams’ vision of a might nation led by a strong president as a threat to individual liberties.

  15. What were the key issues in 1828?

  16. The “Tariff of Abomination”

  17. Tariff Battles • Tariff of 1816  on imports of cheap textiles. • Tariff of 1824  on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports. • Tariff of 1828  higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp]. • Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY. • The South alone was adamantly against it. • As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff. • They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

  18. 1828 Election Results

  19. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • Artisans [competition from factory labor]. • State Politicians spoils system • To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy! [William Marcy of NY] • Immigrants in the cities.

  20. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

  21. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

  22. The Reign of “King Mob”

  23. Andrew Jackson as President

  24. The Nullification Issue

  25. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster[MA] Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]

  26. Jackson's Native-American Policy

  27. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • 1830 Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA(1831)* “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA(1832) • Jackson:John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

  28. Indian Removal

  29. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

  30. Jackson’s Professed “Love” forNative Americans

  31. Renewing the Charter of the 2nd National Bank

  32. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle[an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

  33. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft”(paper) $ “Hard”(specie) $ • state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely. • supported rapid economic growth & speculation. • felt that coin was the only safecurrency. • didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes. • suspicious of expansion &speculation.

  34. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! • “Pet Banks” • 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. • 1836  the charter expired. • 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

  35. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

  36. An 1832 Cartoon: “KingAndrew”?

  37. Results of the Specie Circular • Banknotes loose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

  38. The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!

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