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Understanding Human Perception and Information Processing

Explore the intricacies of human perception, from sensory input to cognitive interpretation. Learn about limits, laws, and psychophysics of sensation in relation to light and sound. Delve into Gestalt Laws and their application in perception. Understand key properties of attention and important psychological concepts in information processing.

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Understanding Human Perception and Information Processing

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  1. User Psychology ITKP103 Human Being and Information System http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ky/kurssit/itkp103/index.html Sacha Helfenstein sh@cc.jyu.fi Lectures 28.10, 2.11., and 4.11.2005

  2. Perception • Perception ≠ mental copy of stimuli • Perception is the process and product of actively selecting and organizing sensory information. • Limits and Laws (e.g., contrasts, 3D, Faces, Gestalt Laws

  3. Limits of Perception: Light • Light impression: Wavelength of ca. 380 nm to 740 nm • Color spectrum: Differentiation of ca. 10 mio colors

  4. Wavelenght Sensitivity of Cones

  5. Cells are connected so as to place sensations of: redin opposition togreen bluein opposition toyellow blackin opposition towhite The Opponent Process Theory (Hering, 1878; Hurvich & Jamison, 1957)

  6. Psychophysics of Sensation • Weber (1846): Just noticable difference (JND, ∆I) = k•I (stimuli-specific) • Fechner (1860): Sensation (S) = K•log I

  7. Limits of Perception: Sound • Sound impression: Frequencies between ca. 10Hz and 20kHz, with frequencies around 3500Hz appearing the loudest • Volume: Sound pressures from 0dB - 85bB (damaging level) – 130dB (pain level) - ?

  8. Gestalt Laws In search of the „Good Figure“ „The whole is different from the sum of the stimuli“ • Proximity • Closure & Figure-Ground • Similarity • Common Fate & Continuity • Symmetry e.g., Koffka (1935)

  9. Application Proximity Similarity Continuity Closure e.g., Music

  10. Perception and Attention • Factors influencing visual representation, e.g.,: • Visual saliency (e.g., pop-out, contrasts, familiar schemata) • Cognitive saliency (e.g., gist, consistency, context) • Principles of perception (e.g., Gestalt laws) • Task goal • Key properties of attention: • Division and Selection • Control vs. Automation

  11. Stroop Effect (1935) Hattu Kortti Ranska Kone Kenkä Veitsi Punainen Violetti Oranssi Vihreä Valkoinen Sininen Punainen ViolettiOranssi Vihreä Valkoinen Sininen ViolettiKeltainenMusta VihreäSininen Oranssi Valkoinen

  12. Important psychological concepts • Capacity • limitations of information processing • Selectivity • focus of information processing • Division • parallel processing • Construction • organization of information... • ... into meaningful wholes

  13. Users‘ Learning and Thinking • Repetitio mater studiorum est • Consistency and Interference • Recognition is easier than recall • Learning and thinking is context dependent • Law of Experience -> Transfer of Learning • Familiarity • Affordance • Metaphors (metapherein = to transfer)

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