Greenhouse Operation and Management

1. Greenhouse Operation and Management

2. Pests and Diseases in the Greenhouse GOM5

3. Objectives LESSON OBJECTIVE ENABLING OBJECTIVES • Identify signs of plant distress including pests, diseases, toxicity and deficiency and prescribe solutions • Demonstrate safe chemical application methods • After completing this lesson on Pests and Diseases in the Greenhouse, students will demonstrate their ability to apply the concept in real-world situations by obtaining a minimum score of 80% on the Greenhouse Pest and Disease Scenario evaluation. 01 02

4. Key Terms • Toxicity • Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

5. Insect Round Up

6. Objective 1Identify signs of plant distress including pests, diseases, toxicity and deficiency and prescribe solutions

7. Healthy Plant Unhealthy Plant

8. Keeping Plants Healthy • What are things that can cause plant distress? • Pests • Diseases • Toxicity • Deficiency The key is recognizing the plant is in distress, identifying the culprit, prescribing a solution, and following through with the solution.

9. What is IPM? • Integrated Pest Management • Pest control programs developed for the specific situation needing to be addressed KEY WORDS: • IPM (integrated pest management) • EIL (economic injury level) • Economic threshold • IPM programs • Cost/benefit analysis • Mechanical controls • Sanitation • Biological controls • Cultural controls • Chemical controls

10. More about IPM… What is IPM?  IPM focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage by managing the ecosystem. With IPM, you take actions to keep pests from becoming a problem. Why use IPM?  Helps you identify what the problem is, the damage it has caused, then determine if intervention is needed by doing a cost/benefit analysis. It also provides varies controls.

11. More about IPM… What is the economic threshold?  When pests have reached an unacceptable level and are harming the plant to a greater extent than the cost of controlling them. Why is it important to correctly identify the pest?  It is hard to control a problem if you don’t know what it is. In order to select the correct method of control, the pest must correctly be identified. You would be wasting money, not fixing the correct problem, and in many cases making the real problem worse.

12. Objective 2Demonstrate safe chemical application methods

13. PESTICIDE • Chemicals to destroy pests • Be aware of the environmental consequences to greenhouse employees, crops, and equipment

14. Pesticide Labels • Acceptable methods of usage, storage, and disposal • Personal protective clothing • Correct use of equipment • Environmental, physical, or chemical hazards and indicated toxicity to certain plants or animals • EPA classification • Safe reentry time • “Keep Out of Reach of Children” • Controls how the product is sold and distributed • If poisoning occurs, doctors refer to the label for treatment data • ESSENTIAL to adhere to label information and directions  

15. TOXICITY

16. Pesticide Toxicity Levels • Each chemical listed on label contributes key ingredients that target pests • Cumulative effect of all chemicals is its toxicity level • Measured in LD (lethal dose) • Based on test mammal populations • LD50 refers to the amount of pesticide required to kill 50% of a test population within 2 weeks • The lower the LD50 value, the higher the toxicity WARNINGS: “Caution” Slightly toxic, LD50= 500-5,000 “Warning” Moderately toxic, LD50=50-500 “Danger - Poison” Most toxic, LD50=0-50

17. Types of Pesticides LIQUID FORMS OF PESTICIDES DRY FORMS OF PESTICIDES

18. Pesticide Safety • Must be handled with extreme caution • Potentially lethal to humans and animals • Follow all storage instruction • Store in original containers with labels visible • Keep away from flammable materials • Check for leads or damage • Keep away from food, medicine, and supplies Personal Protection Measures: • Obtain proper education and permits for pesticide use • Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Goggles, respirator, long sleeves rolled over long rubber gloves, hat, rubber boots, and overalls or coveralls secured with a band over boots.

19. Guidelines for Applying Pesticides Safely: • Select the safest, least toxic substance possible • Use approved products only forintended purpose • Mix only the amount needed • Apply with extreme caution • Use proper equipment and clothing • Review label carefully • Know and follow proper application procedures

20. Guidelines for Applying Pesticides Safely: • Know how to handle accidentalpoisoning • Do not eat, drink, or chew anything during or immediately after application • Ensure adequate ventilation andclear the area of people, animals, anditems • Clean all equipment and clothing • Thoroughly wash skin with cleaner and water

21. Conclusion When pests and diseases strike greenhouse plants, it is critical to recognize the issue and respond with the appropriate action. Using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ensures that the solution is suitable, sustainable, and cost-effective If the IPM program includes pesticide application, the applicator can prevent harm and injury to themselves and others by reading the pesticide label for toxicity levels and proper safety guidelines.

22. Exit Card • What did you learn about Pests and Diseases in the Greenhouse? • What questions do you still have about Pests and Diseases in the Greenhouse?