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Understanding Ferns and Plant Biology: Structure, Growth, and Life Cycles

This review delves into the fascinating world of ferns and plant biology, exploring the underground growth of roots and stems, the differentiation of vascular and nonvascular plants, and essential processes like photosynthesis and plant hormone functions. Key characteristics of plants, their life cycles (sporophyte and gametophyte), and the roles of vascular tissues are covered. We also investigate the various reproductive structures, the significance of seed types, and the ecological adaptations of plants, especially in different environments.

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Understanding Ferns and Plant Biology: Structure, Growth, and Life Cycles

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8 Review

  2. What parts of a fern grow underground? • Roots and stem

  3. T/F: Vascular and nonvascular plants differ in the way they transport materials. • True

  4. What is auxin? • A plant hormone that speeds up the growth of plant cells

  5. What food making process occurs in the leaves? • Photosynthesis

  6. What are the characteristics of plants?(Hint, there are 4) • Eukaryotes • Multicellular • Autotrophs (even though some can also be heterotrophs, ALL are still autotrophs) • Have cell walls

  7. What are structures B and C? Are they male or female? • B=filament • C=anther • Male

  8. Where on a fern are spores located? • Underside of the leaf (frond)

  9. What do spores that plants produce develop into? • Gametophytes

  10. What produces the egg and sperm cells during a plant’s life cycle? • Gametophytes

  11. What are the functions of vascular tissue? (Hint: there are 3) • Transport materials • Provide structure to the plant • Hold up the leaves to expose them to sunlight

  12. What are the 2 stages of a plant’s life cycle? • Sporophyte and gametophyte

  13. What do xylem and phloem transport? • Xylem=water and minerals; goes up • Phloem=food/sugar; goes down

  14. What is structure A? What is its function? • Cuticle • Helps prevent water loss during transpiration

  15. Name the 3 parts of a seed. • Embryo=young plant • Stored food • Seed coat

  16. T/F: Phloem forms annual tree rings. • False; xylem

  17. What characteristic do all gymnosperms share? • All produce naked seeds

  18. What are cones? • Reproductive structures on gymnosperms

  19. Which group (monocot or dicot) has scattered bunches of vascular tissue? • Monocot

  20. In angiosperms, what forms after the zygote? • A fruit

  21. What determines when a plant will flower? • The amount of darkness it receives

  22. Name an example of a vascular plant. • There are many; anything except for mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

  23. What are structures E, F, and G? Are they male or female? • Stigma • Style • Ovary • Female

  24. T/F: Some seed plants are nonvascular. • False. All seed plants are vascular.

  25. What group of plants produce “naked” seeds? • Gymnosperms

  26. Name an example of a monocot. • The most common are grasses, corn, tulips, and lilies.

  27. What are fronds? • Fern “leaves” or leaf-like structures

  28. Which can live better in dry environments – seed or seedless plants? • Seed; seedless plants require water for fertilization

  29. What group of gymnosperms are most diverse? • Conifers (the group containing pines, cedars, etc)

  30. Which group of plants produce fruits? • Angiosperms

  31. What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms? • Angiosperms produce seeds that are enclosed in fruit • Gymnosperms produce seeds that are “naked”, often using cones

  32. How long do perennials live? • More than 2 years

  33. How are angiosperms useful to people? • Food • Medicine • Clothing

  34. What is does structure D contain? • Xylem and phloem

  35. What is required for seed germination? • The seed must absorb water

  36. What passes through the stomata? • Gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen are the main ones we focused on)

  37. What is the function of a root? • Absorption of water and minerals • Anchoring the plant • Storing food

  38. What is the function of root hairs? • Absorption • Anchoring

  39. What is dormancy? • When the plant stops or slows its growth • This is similar to hibernation in animals

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