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Comprehensive Guide to Android UI Components and Resources Management

Explore the detailed intricacies of Android user interface components and resource management in this comprehensive guide. This document delves into essential elements like Views, Layouts, and Events, offering practical insights on customizing the UI using XML resources. Learn how to define colors, dimensions, and graphics, while mastering event handling techniques through custom views and adapters. Understand the importance of menus and how to implement dynamic functionalities with best practices. Perfect for developers aiming to enhance their apps' visual appeal and user experience.

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Comprehensive Guide to Android UI Components and Resources Management

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  1. Irina Presa irina.presa@gmail.com Interfata grafica

  2. Cuprins • Views/Layouts • Focus • Evenimente • Resurse • Meniuri • Ferestre Dialog • Notificari

  3. Views • Ce sunt ? - blocurile de baza ale interfetei - interactioneaza cu utilizatorii prin evenimente • Unde le definim ? - direct in cod - intr-un fisier XML (resursa) • Ce definim ? - culori, dimensiuni, coordonate - obiecte grafice continute - handlere pentru evenimente

  4. Custom Views • Extindem clasa View sau pornim de la un View existent - suprascriem metode/handlere de evenimente - preluam atribute din resurse XML, sau le definim dinamic in cod • Compound Control - grupam mai multe View-uri intr-un singur - definim layout container

  5. Adapter View • Ce este ? - subclasa ViewGroup - View-urile copii sunt determinate de un Adapter ce aduna date de un anumit tip • Utilizare - pentru a afisa date intr-un layout - ex: Gallery, ListView, Spinner, etc • Responsabilitati - umple layoutul cu date - trateaza selectiile utilizatorilor (OnItemClickListener) • Exemplu utilizare - populeaza un spinner cu un vector de culori, sau o lista cu contacte din agenda

  6. Layouts Organizare ierarhica, avand la baza un ViewGroup • AbsoluteLayout - coordonatele exacte ale copiilor • RelativeLayout - above, below, toLeftOf • FrameLayout - frame per copil (top left) • LinearLayout - orizontal/vertical Definire coordonate (LayoutParams) • Prin numere • Fill parent • Wrap content(getMeasuredWidth/getWidth)

  7. Focus • OnFocusChangeListener • View().requestFocus • Control next focus ( nextFocusDown, nextFocusLeft nextFocusRight, nextFocusUp) <LinearLayout android:orientation="vertical" ..> <Button android:id="@+id/top" android:nextFocusUp="@+id/bottom" ... /> <Button android:id="@+id/bottom" android:nextFocusDown="@+id/top" ... /> </LinearLayout>

  8. Evenimente Subiect - Button.setOnClickListener(OnClickListener listener) Observator - listener.onClick(View v)

  9. Resurse • res/anim - animatii frame-by-frame definite in XML • res/drawable - imagini png si jpg • res/layout - reprezentari XML ale obiectelor View • res/values - XML pentru siruri de caractere, culori, stiluri, dimensiuni si vectori • res/xml - fisiere xml definite de utilizator • res/raw - fisiere arbitrare si necompilate ce pot fi adaugate

  10. Resurse Referinte • Din cod (clasa R) : - resursa cu id-ul review_image (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.review_image); - fisierul review_detail.xml din folderul res/layout this.setContentView(R.layout.review_detail); • In XML : - atribuire id android:id="@+id/nume_id - referire alta resursa @id/nume_id - referire valoare externa @tip/nume_resursa (ex: @string/rating_label)

  11. Resurse Valori externe • string.xml <string> name="menu_get_reviews">Get reviews</string> • styles.xml <style name="label"> <item name="android:textSize">18sp</item> <item name="android:textColor">#ffffff</item> </style> • arrays.xml <array name="cuisines"> <item>American</item> <item>Barbeque</item> <item>French</item> <array>

  12. Resurse Exemplu definire layout + view-uri (review_detail.xml) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:padding="10px" android.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled="true" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/review_image" android:layout_width="100px" android:layout_height="100px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_marginBottom="5px" />

  13. Resurse <TextView android:id="@+id/name_detail" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/review_image" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_marginBottom="5px" style="@style/intro_blurb" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/rating_label_detail" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/name_detail" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_marginBottom="5px" style="@style/label" android:text="@string/rating_label" />

  14. Meniuri • Options Menu - Icon menu (max 6, suporta iconuri) - Expanded Menu • Context Menu - meniu dinamic ce poate aparea la un click prelungit pe un View • Submenu

  15. Meniuri

  16. Meniuri Cum le cream ? Best Practice : Definim meniul intr-o resursa XML si il integram in cod cu ajutorul unui MeniuInflater (Separam designul interfetei de codul aplicatiei) XML : menu, item, group <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:id="@+id/new_game" android:icon="@drawable/ic_new_game" android:title="@string/new_game" /> <item android:id="@+id/quit" android:icon="@drawable/ic_quit" android:title="@string/quit" /> </menu>

  17. Meniuri Cum le integram ? public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater(); inflater.inflate(R.menu.game_menu, menu); return true; } public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.new_game: newGame(); return true; case R.id.quit: quit(); return true; } • addIntentOptions : adauga intenturi, pt a incarca activity-uri dinamic

  18. Ferestre Dialog • AlertDialog - 0-3 butoane, lista de elemente selectabile • ProgressDialog - progress bar/wheel • DatePickerDialog • TimePickerDialog • Custom Dialog - AlertDialog.Builder + LayoutInflater

  19. Notificari • A Toast Notification • A Status Bar Notification - remind-uri persistente, necesita raspunsul utilizatorului, icon in status bar - configurabil pt notificari (sunet, vibratii, lumini) • A Dialog Notification - notificari legate de Activity

  20. Status Bar Notification • Utilizare - pentru a primi notificari de la un serviciu ce ruleaza in background • Creare - NotificationManager String ns = Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE; NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(ns); - Instantiere Notification notification = new Notification(icon, tickerText, when); - Mesaj expandat + Intent notification.setLatestEventInfo(context, contentTitle, contentText, contentIntent); • Notificare mNotificationManager.notify(ID, notification); • Personalizare defaults, vibrate, sounds, ledARGB

  21. Resurse [1] View-uri din Android API [2] API Samples Unlocking Android. A Developer's Guide [1] http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/views/index.html [2] http://developer.android.com/resources/samples/

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