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Understanding DNA Evidence: Steps, Functions, and Applications

This overview dives into the world of DNA evidence, detailing the critical second step of crunching numbers using population genetics to mathematically prove matches. With only 3 million differing base pairs, the importance of non-coding DNA—once dismissed as "junk"—is highlighted for its role in gene regulation. We explore the significance of inheriting VNTR DNA profiles from both parents and the creation of discrete bands during DNA profiling. Additionally, we discuss how DNA profiles can clear the wrongfully accused, confirm paternity, identify unknown individuals, and study inherited diseases.

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Understanding DNA Evidence: Steps, Functions, and Applications

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Presentation Transcript

  1. DNA Evidence Matt Hoag Chris Hilchey Chris Cirullo

  2. What is the second step? • The second step is to crunch the numbers by applying the principles of population genetics to prove a match mathematically. • This is important because there are only about 3 million base pairs that are different (around .1%), from person to person.

  3. What is non-coding DNA? • Non-Coding DNA Consists of 95% of the genetic makeup. • It use to be called “Junk DNA”, because it does not code for protein. • Now it is found that it has important functions as: • Regulating gene expression during development • Aiding or Impeding cellular machinery from reading nearby genes and making protein

  4. Why are VNTR DNA profiles from both parents important? • Because you inherit two different number of repeats in each VNTR region (one from your mom the other from your dad).

  5. Why do DNA profiles create discrete bands? • DNA profiles create discrete bands because the larger the fragments of DNA move faster than the smaller fragments do, leaving spaces in between the two.

  6. What are DNA ladders? • DNA Ladders are solutions of DNA molecules that formed during electrophoresis. • Ladders are there to positively match a sample to a suspects DNA

  7. What can DNA profiles be used for? • DNA profiles can be used to free people from prison you have been wrongfully jailed. • They can be used in Paternity test to see who a babies father is. • They can ID an unknown person. • They can also be used to study inherited diseases

  8. THE END

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