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Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes. Eubacteria & Archaea. 3.5 billion years dominant form of life on Earth live in every hospitable environment. > 100 trillion on and in human body total mass exceeds all animal life. 10 000 species known roughly 1% of believed total # of species. Eubacteria. = BACTERIA.

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Prokaryotes

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  1. Prokaryotes Eubacteria & Archaea

  2. 3.5 billion years • dominant form of life on Earth • live in every hospitable environment • > 100 trillion on and in human body • total mass exceeds all animal life • 10 000 species known • roughly 1% of believed total # of species

  3. Eubacteria = BACTERIA • Sketch figure 6 from page 48 • On your sketch label: • cell wall • plasmid • ribosomes • flagella • pilli • capsule • Make sure to write down a function for each one of these structures

  4. - There are 3 main shapes to bacteria Spirillum Coccus Bacillus - video

  5. Many different and diverse evolutionary branches of the Domain Eubacteria • 6 main groups of human importance • Vary dramatically in energy and nutrient gathering Using table 1 on page 48 of the text, complete the chart for each bacteria. Include only the 2 most important key features of each bacteria

  6. Reproduction Bacteria reproduce asexually and very quickly! -video - 1000 times faster than a eukaryotic cell Binary fission - 3 step process Step 1: Duplication of the chromosome Step 2: Cell elongates Step 3: Cell divides into two Daughter cells are identical to mother cell

  7. Mutations • ease of evolution • genetic diversity Conjugation –exchange of genetic information; sexual reproduction Transformation –taking in of foreign DNA by the bacteria for use • horizontal gene transfer • positive/negative Endospore

  8. Metabolism How an organism produces energy So where does a bacterium get its energy to move and reproduce? Autotrophic Heterotrophic -make own energy from inorganic compounds -need to ingest energy from organic compounds Animals and plants Bacteria Obligate aerobes –need oxygen to survive Obligate aerobes Facultative aerobes – live with or without oxygen fermentation

  9. Bacteria: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Spread through Europe 14th C Killed 30 – 60% of the population - approx 100 million people Swollen lymph nodes, fever, vomit blood -death in days The Bubonic Plague “The Black Death” Yersinia pestis

  10. e. coli Found in the large intestine of warm-blooded animals Very important to scientific research –recomb DNA host Some different strains Escherichia coli • Good  production of vit K and destroy harmful bacteria • Bad  cause food poisoning • Ugly  bloody diarrhea, gastrointestinal infections, death Walkerton May 2000 Farm runoff into nearby well Walkerton Public Utilities Commission Stan and Frank Koebel

  11. Antibiotics • PATHOGEN: Infectious bacteria Leprosy Cholera Salmonella Tuberculosis • ANTIBIOTIC: substance that can kill or weaken micro-organisms; produced by bacteria fighting for nutrients overuse leads to resistance • Nitrogen fixation • Vit K and B12 production • MUTUALISM: relationship whereby each benefits

  12. Domain Archaea • Very little known about this group • make up is unlike bacteria or eukaryotes • Play key role in ecosystems • low-oxygen; intestines; produce methan gas • salt-loving • extreme heat; hot springs, ocean vents • cold-loving; Arctic and Antarctic methanogens halophiles extreme thermophiles psychrophiles

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