Heat and Cold Application

1. Heat and Cold Application Dr. Kareema Ahmed Hussein 2017 -2018

2. Heat and Cold Application • Heat and cold are applied to bring about a local or systemic change in body temperature for various • therapeutic purposes. • Heat causes “vasodilation” • Cold causes “vasoconstriction”

3. Mechanisms of Heat Transfer • Transmission of heat occurs by three mechanisms: • Conduction • Convection • Radiation

4. Purposes of heat applications Promote healing Promote comfort Reduce tissue swelling Reduce pain Relieves pain, relaxes muscles, promotes healing, reduces tissue swelling, decreases joint stiffness

5. Local Effects of Heat Application • Vasodilatation and increases blood flow to the affected area • Bringing (oxygen, nutrients, antibodies, and leukocytes) • Promote soft tissue healing • Sedative effect • Used for client with (joint stiffness, low back pain) • Increase inflammation

6. Systematic effects of heatapplication : Heat applied on large body area Excessive peripheral vasodilatation Drop in blood pressure Fainting attack Complications Burns Pain excess redness blisters

7. Appling heat and cold 2 forms of application Moist Dry cold Heat

8. Moist heat applications water in contact with skin water conducts heat has greater, faster effects than dry, penetrates better, hot compresses ex. hot soaks or hot baths

9. Disadvantage of Heat Application Increase capillary permeability Extra cellular fluid and substance as plasma to pass through the capillary walls Edema

10. Cold application : It is a local moist cold application. It may be sterile or unsterile. Sterile cold compresses are applied over open wounds or breaks in the skin. Cold compresses are made out of folded layers of gauze, lint piece or old soft linen, wring out of cold or ice water or in some evaporating lotion.

11. Applying the Cold Compress

12. Applying the Cold Compress

13.  Moist heat applications. A, Compress. B, Hot soak. C, Disposable sitz bath. D, Hot pack. (NOTE: Compresses can be hot or cold. And some hot packs can also be used as cold packs.)

14. Local effect of cold application Lowers the temperature of the skin and underlying tissue Vasoconstriction Decrease capillary permeability Slow bacterial growth Decrease inflammation Local anesthetic effect

15. Systematic Effect of Cold Application Excessive cold applications Vasoconstrictions Increase of blood pressure Prolonged cold Shivering

16. Cold Applications Complications Pain burns, blisters Cyanosis Persons at risk Fair skinned Those with mental or sensory impairments High risk for elderly or very young(Changes in skin with aging and Those with dementia might miss pain)

17. Contraindications to the use of heat The application should not used in : The first 24 hours after traumatic injury (heat increase bleeding and swelling). Active hemorrhage (heat causes vasodilatation and increase bleeding ). Non inflammatory edema (heat increases capillary permeability and edema). Skin disorder (heat can burn or cause further damage to the skin). Localized malignant tumor (heat increase cell growth and accelerate metastases ).

18. Contraindications to the use of cold The application should not used in : Open wound (cold can increase tissue damage by decreasing blood flow to an open wound ). Impaired circulation (cold can further impair nourishment of the tissue). Allergy and hypersensitive to cold application. Some people react by decrease Bp. Inflammatory response (swelling, joint pain )

19. Temperature for hot and cold applications

20. Methods of Applying heat and cold Hot water bag (bottle) • More Common source of dry heat • Inexpensive • Improper use leads to burning Hot and cold packs • Commercially prepared hot and cold packs provide heat or cold for a designated time

21. Electrical Pads –Provide constant heat – Are light weight – Some have water proof covers to placed over a moist dressing Ice Bags, – Filled either with ice chips . Compresses – Can be either warm or cold – Are moist gauze dressing applied to a wound

22. Soak Refers to immersing a body part in a solution Sterile technique is generally indicated for open wound Sitz Bath or hip bath Used to soak a client’s pelvic area The client’s sit on the chair and immersed in the solution Cooling Sponge Bath Promoting heat loss through Conduction Companied by antipyretic medication

23. Methods for ApplyingDry and Moist Heat • Dry heat • Hot water bottle • Aquathermiapad • Disposable heat pack • Electric pad • Moist heat • Compress • Hot pack • Soak • Sitz bath

24. Methods for Applying Dry and Moist Cold • Dry cold • Cold pack • Ice bag • Ice glove • Ice collar • Moist cold • Compress • Cooling sponge bath

25. Procedure:1. Explain the procedure to the client.2. Wash hands.3. Place the small basin with cold water into large basin with ice.4. Place the compress in the cold water.5. Keep the waterproof material under the part.6. Check the area every 5 minutes.7. Change the compress every 5 minutes or when it becomes hot.

26. 8. Remove the compress after 20 minutes.9. Put the area dry with a bath towel.10. Make client comfortable.11. Clean the equipment and place it in the proper place. Discard the used articles.12. Wash hands13. Document the care-time, site, duration of

27. Cold Whirlpool

28. Ice Massage

29. Therma Care Wraps Cold Spray and Stretch Commercial Cold Packs

30. A commercial warm pack can be used to apply dry heat, but is most often used as a moist heat application. Some of these packs can also be used as cold packs.

31. Thank You