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Libraries of Russia

Libraries of Russia. A Closer Look Sara Bartels. Overview. Brief history of Russia Brief history of Librarianship in Russia Libraries within the Soviet Union and Post Soviet Union Special Collections in Russia Russian National Library in St. Petersburg Russian State Library in Moscow.

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Libraries of Russia

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  1. Libraries of Russia A Closer Look Sara Bartels

  2. Overview • Brief history of Russia • Brief history of Librarianship in Russia • Libraries within the Soviet Union and Post Soviet Union • Special Collections in Russia • Russian National Library in St. Petersburg • Russian State Library in Moscow

  3. Russia • Located in North Asia on the border of the Arctic Ocean from Europe to the North Pacific Ocean • Approximately 1.8 times the size of the United States or a total of 17,098,242 square kilometers • Population: 142.9 million • Over 100 ethnic groups: Russian 79.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other 12.1%

  4. History of Russia • Peter the Great • Catherine the Great • Alexander I • 1917 Revolution and the USSR • Russian Federation

  5. History of Libraries & Librarianship • Hierarchal Structure of libraries that mimicked the political structure • Librarianship as a profession emerged at end of 18th century • Librarians lended themselves to the intellectual class • Imperial Public Library was created from the 300,000 volume Zaluski collection that was seized from Poland in 1795 • 1808-1843- A.N. Olenin- Popularized the National Library • Librarianship was perceived as a function of preservation and curation but Olenin later defined librarianship as having three major functions: preservation, classification and reader services

  6. Libraries in Russia • Approximately 117,700 libraries total • More than 46,000 public libraries • 66,000 school libraries • 5700 scientific, technical and specialized libraries • Russian State Library, Moscow • National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg • Russian Federation Libraries .

  7. Libraries During Soviet Union • Libraries received significant funding from Lenin • Libraries were a way to increase literacy but also dangerous • Library policy: “The maximum of knowledge, but…within fixed limits” • Patrons had access to 30-40% of collections • Soviet librarianship consisted of partiinost, spetskhran and censorship. Kuz’min, Evgenii. At a Crossroads: Russian Libraries Face the future

  8. Censorship in the Soviet Union • “Libraries were to serve as instruments for eradication illiteracy and for educating the population: an important element was moral education, one which would make for good Marxist/ Leninist citizens. Thus the role of the librarian was not to facilitate access to material which the reader demanded but rather to guide the reader to material that was considered appropriate and to keep away from the reader material which was considered inappropriate or harmful.” Knutson, Ellen. As cited in Thomas,C.Changes in Russian libraries in the 1990s.

  9. Censorship Continued • Censorship consisted in two ways: what could be published and what could be made available to the public • Removed or abolished all literature that was not in line with Bolshevik doctrine or personal tastes • Special depositories were created • Library of Congress Archives

  10. Libraries Post Soviet Union • Loss and Lack of significant funding • Librarians looked to emulate Western librarianship • Self-management of libraries/ Change in profession of librarianship • Responsible for safeguarding historical and cultural monuments • Laid groundwork for “…informational/ cultural unification” • Free education for users • Lack of preservation

  11. Russian Library Association • General Objectives: • To advocate for the library community on federal/ international level • To create a professional network to assist in the development/ training of staff • To develop and federal and regional policies for the library community • To advocate for the need of libraries/ librarians • Preservation of the common memory of Russia

  12. Preservation • Limited preservation policy • Lack of space • Improper conditions • Lack of security/ fire alarm systems • Establishment of Preservation centers • Neglect of collections

  13. Preservation through Digitization • Moscow Manifesto • Digitization with lack of preservation of primary sources • National Digital Library • Digital Libraries • Memory of Russia • Meeting of Frontiers

  14. Collection Development • Obligatory depositing of books • International Book Exchanges • 5% of world print production is received • Russian Book Chamber • Collaboration of Russian depositories and the RBC • Federal Law No 19- adopted in January 2002

  15. BONUB • Specialized departments • Improvements to Information technology • Cultivated Relationships with the Government • Grant Writing and Fundraising

  16. National Library of Russia

  17. National Library of Russia • Founded in May 1795 • Located in St. Petersburg • As of 2010 the library contains 35, 718,00 items • The collections contain multiple valuable items ranging from Greek Manuscripts to Prints to Voltaire’s Library

  18. Russian State Library • Previously known as the USSR State V.I. Lenin Library • Located in Moscow

  19. Russian State Library • Founded in 1862 and known as “Leninka” • Houses over 43 million items • The Collections contains State and Government Publications, Library Science Publications to Military Literature • Virtual Reading Rooms

  20. Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library

  21. Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library • Founded as Digital library in 2007 • Received statue of national library in 2008 • Center to digitize and process rare books and manuscripts • Houses electronic copies of information and archival material that was not previously released to the public • Electronic Reading Room

  22. Special Collections • St. Petersburg State Theatre Library • Russian State Art Library • Department of Printed Music and Sound Recordings, National Library of Russia • Hermitage Collections at the Hermitage Museum

  23. Special Collections Continued

  24. Sources • Bezuglova, I.F. (n.d.) National Library of Russia, St. Petersberg. FontesArtisMusicae 53 (3). Retrieved from EBSOhost • CIA World Fact Book • Dzhigo, A.A. (2004). New version of the Russian obligatory deposit law. Slavic & East European Information Resources, 5 (1/2). Retrieved from EBSCOHost • Guy, A. & Kolganova, A. (2010). Heritage received and multiplied: Russian art libraries as collectors and translators. Art Libraries Jouranl 35, (4). Retrieved from EBSCOHost • Gosart-Popova, U. (2004). Library preservation in Russia. Library Management, 25 (8/9).Retrieved from Ebscohost • IFLA World Report (2010) • Knutson, E. (2007). New realities: libraries in Post-Soviet Russia. Library Trends, 55(3). Retrieved from EbscoHost

  25. Sources • Kuz’min, E. (1993). At a crossroads. Wilson Library Bulletin, 67(5). Retrieved from EbscoHost • Meeting of the Frontiers • Stuart, M. (1994). The evolution of librarianship in Russia: the libraians of the imperial public library, 1808-1868. The Library Quarterly 64, (1). Retrived from EbscoHost • UNESCO- Memory of Russia • U.S. State Department Country Profiles • Vilinbakhov, G. (2003). The Hermitage ‘…diverse and vast…’. Museum International, 55 (1). Retrieved from EBSCOhost • Zaitsev, V. (1996). Problems of Russian libraries in an age of social change. Daedalus 125 (4). Retrived from Literature Resource Center

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