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Understanding Equine Energy: From Gross to Metabolizable Energy in Horse Nutrition

Explore the fundamentals of equine energy, focusing on the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Learn how energy is expressed in U.S. terms through calories, kilocalories, and megajoules, and how gross energy from feed is measured. Delve into the differences between digestible energy and metabolizable energy, the factors influencing energy content, and the impact of diet composition. This comprehensive guide is essential for anyone involved in equine nutrition.

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Understanding Equine Energy: From Gross to Metabolizable Energy in Horse Nutrition

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Equine Nutrition Energy

  2. Energy • First Law of Thermodynamics? • Energy can be neither created nor destroyed • How is energy expressed in U.S.? • Calories • Energy content of food • For Horses: • Kilocalories or Megacalories • May also be expressed in Joules • One megacalories is = 4.184 megajoules (MJ)

  3. Gross Energy • What does this represent? • The amount of heat produced from the total combustion of that feed • As measured in a bomb calorimeter • Will chemical composition affect a feeds gross energy? • Lipids higher than CHO’s & Proteins • Starch similar to cellulose • High mineral content, lower GE value

  4. Apparent Digestible Energy • How do you calculate? • By subtracting GE in feces from GE consumed • Why apparent? • Endogenous material • What two factors affect amount of DE in a feed? • GE content of feed • Digestibility of energy containing components

  5. Apparent Digestible Energy • What is the most accurate method of estimating DE in a feed? • Feeding Trial • Other species have also been used as estimates • Can DE content be different? • Individual variation • Exercise • Diet Form

  6. Apparent Digestible Energy • One feed component may affect digestibility of another • Example: • Addition of concentrate with straw may affect digestibility of straw • Adding Fat has been seen to reduce fiber digestibility

  7. Metabolizable Energy • Calculated? • (Urinary loss + Gas loss) – DE • Urinary and Gas loss are • Smaller than fecal loss in horses • Efficiency of DE conversion to ME is influenced by • Composition of diet • Gaseous losses are higher when feeds are digested where? • L.I.

  8. Net Energy • Calculated? • ME – Heat • Also referred to as recovered energy • Energy stored in tissues • Lactation Energy • Conceptus Energy • Hair Energy

  9. Energy Flow Diagram

  10. Energy Sources • What is the major source of chemical energy in cells? • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Generated from what? • Catabolism of CHO’s, Fats, and Proteins • What is the primary form of CHO used for ATP production? • Glucose

  11. Energy Sources • Where does glucose come from? • Circulation • Stores (Glycogen) • What is the most abundant energy source in the body? • Fat • Obtained through stores or circulation • VFA Production • May be metabolized to fatty acids or glucose

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