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Insect Reproduction

Insect Reproduction. Lecture 17. Love Bug ( Plecia neartica ). Love bugs first reported from Florida in 1949. Process of insect reproduction. Mate location Pre- copulatory courtship Copulation (Sperm transfer) Post- copulatory courtship Insemination Fertilization Oviposition.

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Insect Reproduction

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  1. Insect Reproduction Lecture 17

  2. Love Bug (Plecianeartica) Love bugs first reported from Florida in 1949

  3. Process of insect reproduction • Mate location • Pre-copulatory courtship • Copulation (Sperm transfer) • Post-copulatory courtship • Insemination • Fertilization • Oviposition

  4. Mate location • Sexual aggregation • Individuals that need to mate convene in special sites • Typically skewed toward males • Visual marker or common resource • Lek: gathering of males for the purposes of competitive mating display • Found in many dipterans

  5. Artic fly (Rhamphomyianigrita) mating swarm

  6. Mate location • Sexual attraction • Visual, chemical, auditory signal • Species-specific signals • May involve male signaling, female signaling, or both sexes signaling • Sometimes synchronized signaling by multiple males of the same species

  7. Pre-copulatory courtship • Close-range, intersexual behavior that induces sexual receptivity prior to mating • Species recognition • Visual display, dancing, tactile stimulation, acoustic courtship, nuptial gift

  8. Sperm transfer • Indirect sperm transfer – Diplura, Thysanura, Collembola (some) • Direct sperm transfer • Direct copulation via spermatophore (lower insects) • Odonata • Spider • Direct insemination (Heteroptera, Mecoptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera) • Hemocoelic insemination (Cimicidae)

  9. Katydid feeding on spermatophylax

  10. Cricket spermatophore

  11. Odonata secondary copulatory structure

  12. Direct Insemination of Oncopeltus

  13. Hemoceolicinsemination(Traumatic insemination) Copulatory pouch

  14. Post-copulatory courtship • Genital courtship • In animals with internal fertilization, diversification of genitalia represents one of the most general and striking forms of evolutionary trends (Eberhard 1985). • Male genitalia are species-specific • Cryptic female choice vs. sexually antagonistic coevolution

  15. Melanoplus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (Hubbell 1932)

  16. Otarrha (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) (Blahnik 2002)

  17. Iolania (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) (Hoch 2002)

  18. Hypanartia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Willmott et al. 2001)

  19. Sexual Selection • Male-male competition (exaggerated morphology, better nuptial gifts, etc.) • Female choice • Sperm competition and sperm precedence • Prolonged copulation, genital damage, genital plug

  20. Oviposition • Majority of insects lay eggs that start developing after oviposition (Oviparity) • Some insects develop eggs internally and lay live young (Viviparity)

  21. Atypical modes of reproduction • Parthenogenesis – development from unfertilized eggs • Pedogenesis – loss of adult stage and development of young within immature • Neoteny – immature-looking adult

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