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Principles of crop production ABT-320

Principles of crop production ABT-320. Dr. Rabia Amir. My background. B.Sc. (Hons) in Plant Breeding and Genetics, Gold Medal [University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi (2006)] Awarded a ABN, AMRO sponsored Gold Medal based on highest percentage in the university

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Principles of crop production ABT-320

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  1. Principles of crop productionABT-320 Dr. Rabia Amir

  2. My background • B.Sc. (Hons) in Plant Breeding and Genetics, Gold Medal [University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi (2006)] • Awarded a ABN, AMRO sponsored Gold Medal based on highest percentage in the university • M.Sc. (Hons) in Plant Breeding and Genetics, Silver Medal [University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi (2008)] • Research Fellowship [National Agricultural Research center, Islamabad • Research Internship (University of Leicester, UK (2009)] • PhD in Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Awarded HEC scholarship [University of Edinburgh, UK (2013)]

  3. My approach to teaching…

  4. The teaching sessions should be interactive • Keep the students engaged and interested • Try to incorporate updated information and modify lectures as per students requirements • Use language medium as per student requirements To be open to students concerns and suggestions • Teachers are learners too

  5. COURSE BREAKUP LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION. LECTURE 2: FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT GROWTH. LECTURE 3: CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS. LECTURE 4: CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT. LECTURE 5:CROP ROTATION AND CROPPING SYSTEM. LECTURE 6: INTERCROPPING AND CROP ROTATION. LECTURE 7: CROPPING SYSTEMS IN VEGETABLES.

  6. COURSE BREAKUP LECTURE 8: SEED BED PREPARATION. LECTURE 9: SOWING/PLACEMENT OF SEEDS. LECTURE 10: IRRIGATION AND WATER APPLICATIONS. LECTURE 11: INTERCULTURE AND WEED MAMANGEMENT. LECTURE 12: HARVESTING. LECTURE 13: PLANT BREEDING CONCEPTS (I). LECTURE 14:PLANT BREEDING CONCEPTS (II).

  7. COURSE BREAKUP LECTURE 15: PLANT BREEDING METHODS (I). LECTURE 16: PLANT BREEDING METHODS (II). LECTURE 17: GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIR CONSERVATION. SELECTION OF SELF-POLLINATED CROPS. LECTURE 18: SELECTION IN CROSS POLLINATED CROPS AND SEGRAGATING POPULATIONS LECTURE 19:BIOTEC. APPROACHES IN PLANT BREEDING. LECTURE 20-24: PRESENTATIONS. LECTURE 25-26: REVISION.

  8. Grading • Sessional 1 = 15 • Sessional 2 = 15 • Final = 50 • Assignments + Quizzes = 10 • Final Project = 10 --------------------------------------------------------------- • Total = 100

  9. INTRODUCTIONABT-320 Dr. Rabia Amir Lecture 1

  10. Agriculture The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock.

  11. Importance of Agriculture Economic Driver Demand • Individual live-hoods • Poverty alleviation • Nation’s economic growth, • GDP? assignment • Nutrition • Energy-fuel-wood • Medicinal Plants • Fibre Healthy Biosphere

  12. Crop production(Art, Science and Business) • Crop Production is the art and science of the genetic improvement of crops to produce new varieties with increased productivity and quality. • The advanced genetic and molecular techniques have resulted in new varieties of crop plants, medicinal plants and ornamentals.

  13. Major Crop research centers CGIAR: Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research IRRI: International Rice Research Institute CIMMYT: Int. Wheat and Maize Improvement Center ICRISAT: Int. Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics IITA: International Institute for Tropical Agriculture CIAT: International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIP: International Potato Center WARDA: West African Rice Development Research Station ICARDA: International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas

  14. Methods of Plant Breeding DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS In nature, the origin of plants took place in the wild conditions. During the course of evolution of agricultural practices, man began to grow some plants under his control. This process of bringing wild plants under cultivation is called plant domestication.

  15. 2. Introduction of Plants Introduction of plants from other continents, countries, geographical regions etc. to new areas of cultivation is an important process in plant breeding. The process of introducing new plants from the place of its origin or cultivation to a place with different climatic conditions is called plant introduction.

  16. 3. Acclimatization The physiological adaptation of plants to climatic or environmental changes such as light, soil, temperature or altitude is known as acclimatization.

  17. 4. Selection of Plants Plants, both domesticated as well as introduced, show considerable degrees of variations with respect to different characters. Some of these plants are superior whereas the others are inferior in performance. The process of selection of superior plants is an important method for the improvement of cultivated plants, which lead to the development of new varieties with more advantageous and superior characters.

  18. 5. Plant Hybridization Domestication, introduction, acclimatization and selection of plants help to locate the most promising cultivars from the available diversity. But superior and economically important characters are scattered in different cultivars. Hybridization is the technique of bringing superior characters into a single variety by way of cross-pollinating them artificially.

  19. 6. Mutation Breeding Desirable characters that are scattered in different varieties can be brought together by hybridization. But, sometimes, induction of new variability (new characters and character forms) may become necessary since no cultivars with such traits are available. The most common method used to induce new variation is mutation breeding for which seeds or propagules of plants are treated with some chemicals or physical agents that are called mutagens.

  20. 7. Polyploidy Breeding Usually, plants and animals carry chromosomes in pairs in their somatic cells. But, in some cases, more than two sets (multiple sets) of chromosomes (three sets, four sets, etc) can be seen. Such organisms are called polyploids and the condition is called polyploidy. In the case of some cultivated plants, polyploids show superiority in characters. Breeding of such cultivated plants is called polyploidy breeding.

  21. 8. Biotechnological Breeding Biotechnology is the latest branch of biology that makes use of enzymes as tools to accelerate or manipulate biochemical pathways so as to generate new goods and services based on life and biomolecules. in vitro culture technology, marker assisted selection, somatic hybridization, transgenesisetc are the major tools of biotechnology used in plant breeding.

  22. Thank You !

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