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第 6 讲 情态动词与虚拟语气

第 6 讲 情态动词与虚拟语气. 1. — No one ______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. — Oh, you are really his big fan. (2011· 湖南卷 28) A. can B. need C. must D. might.

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第 6 讲 情态动词与虚拟语气

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  1. 第6讲 情态动词与虚拟语气

  2. 1. — No one ______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. — Oh, you are really his big fan. (2011·湖南卷28) A. can B. need C. must D. might 【解析】选A。can强调能力，是“能，会”的意思。句意：在打篮球方面没有人能与姚明相比。你真是他的铁杆粉丝。

  3. 2. — I don't really like James. Why did you invite him? — Don't worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. (2011·北京卷24) A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 【解析】选D。根据句意，James可能不会来的。因为他自己不确信他的计划是什么。might not 表可能性，“可能不”。

  4. 情态动词 考点1. could与was/were able to的区别 Although the fire in the hotel was very big, they ______ escape from it. A. can B. could C. was able to D. were able to 【解析】选D。A的时态不对，C选项主谓不一致。could和was / were able to虽都表过去的能力，但后者还表达“付诸了行动”的意思。

  5. could一般只表过去的能力；若表示过去的能力得到了实施，一般用was / were able to, 不用could。

  6. 考点2.表示“可能性”的can, may, must Liza______well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may 【解析】选D。句意：Liza极有可能不想去旅行——她讨厌旅行。may well not很可能不，表示否定猜测。

  7. 例2：It ______ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. (2011·江西卷23) A. mustn't B. can't C. won't D. needn't 【解析】选B。 can't 表“不可能”，否定推测。根据前后句意思只能用can't。needn't“不必要”；mustn't表“禁止，不许”，won't表将来。

  8. 肯定推测一般用must, should, may/might或could(一般不用can), 其中， must的语气最强，意为“肯定”， should次之，意为“很可能，应该”， may/might语气最弱，意为“也许”。否定推测语气不很肯定时常用may/might not或could not, 意为“可能不，也许不”；否定语气较强时则用can't, 意为“根本不可能，想必不会”；用于疑问句表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩时用can。

  9. 考点3. “情态动词+have done”的用法 例1：They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011·新课标卷32) A. will B. can C. must D. should 【解析】选D。 should have done表“过去本应该做而未做的”。句意：他们本应该在午饭时候到达的，但是他们的航班误点了。must have done过去一定干过某事，表肯定推测。can have done表过去可能性，“过去本有可能干”。

  10. 例2：— I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. — How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. (2011·江苏卷34) A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 【解析】选B。might have done表过去很有可能已做某事。而must have done 则表示过去一定有人做过某事。如果被别人偷走了，那么就不可能把东西弄回。will have done 是将来完成时；should have done 过去本该做而未做。

  11. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。 can't / couldn't have done表示对过去所发生的事情所做的否定推测。 may have done表示过去所发生的事情作可能性推测。 might / could have done表示对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测，或者表示本来可以做而事实上未做的事情。 should / ought to have done表示本应该做的事情而事实上未做，含有对对方的责备。 needn't have done表示做了本不应该做的事情。

  12. 考点4.特殊情况 John promised his doctor he______not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 【解析】选D。考查情态动词在语境中的特殊用法。句意：约翰答应医生不再吸烟，从那以后，他再也没有吸过烟。由句意可知空格处表示意愿。

  13. might 用作may的过去式，表示“可以，可能”；should 作情态动词，表示“应当”， 相当于ought to; could可用来代替can说明现在的情况，提出请求、想法、建议等；would 用于过去情况，表示“愿意”， “肯”， “会”等。

  14. John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 【解析】选A。must在此表示特定的语气和态度，意为“偏要，硬要”。

  15. 1. can的几个习语 “can but +动词原形”表示“只能，大不了”。 “can't but +动词原形”表示“不得不”。 “can't help +动词­ing形式”表示“不得不，禁不住”。 “can't …too…”表示“无论怎样都不为过，越……越……”。 2. must有时表示 “偏要，偏偏”， 也可作名词，意为“必须做的事情”。 3. should可作“竟然、万一”解。

  16. 考点5. shall的3种用法 ①表说话人的意图。在陈述句中主语是第二﹑三人称，表说话者给对方的承诺﹑决心﹑警告、威胁等； ②征求对方的意见或向对方提出请求时，主语为第一、三人称的疑问句。 ③表示强制。用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”

  17. — Will you read me a story, Mummy? — OK. You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011·陕西卷24) A. might B. must C. could D. shall 【解析】选D。shall在此表“许可”。

  18. 虚拟语气 考点1.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011·陕西卷22) A. couldn't have gone B. didn't go C. wouldn't go D. hadn't gone 【解析】选A。句意：没有你的慷慨帮助，我就不可能熬过那段痛苦时期。此句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。without your generous help＝if I hadn't had your generous help。从句用过去完成时，主句则用情态动词＋完成时。couldn't have gone through表“过去不可能经历”。

  19. 1. 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were), 主句谓语用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”。 2. 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would (should, could, might)+have+过去分词”。 3. 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形，主句谓语用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”。

  20. 考点2. 使用虚拟语气的几种从句 — Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined. — I wish they ______ always late. (2011·北京卷28) A. weren't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been 【解析】选A。wish后有3种形式的虚拟语气句子。此句根据前一分句where are the children？可知是在问孩子现在在哪里？因此对方才会说我希望他们不要总是迟到。因此选A。

  21. 1. wish后的宾语从句和if only后的句子：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，常用“would (could)+动词原形”。 2. as if / as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could)+动词原形”。

  22. 温馨提示：若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。温馨提示：若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。 3. It's (high / about) time后的定语从句：从句谓语通常用一般过去时或“should+动词原形(should不可省)”。 4. would rather后的宾语从句：通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。 5. 一个“坚持”(insist)、两个“命令”(order, command)、三个“建议”(advise, suggest, propose)、四个“要求”(demand, require, request, ask)后的宾语从句：一般用“should+动词原形(should可省)”。

  23. 温馨提示：动词insist, suggest后的宾语从句除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，注意区别。 6. It's+suggested, ordered, required, demanded等表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词的过去分词+that主语从句：常用“should+动词原形(should可省)”。 7. “要求、建议、命令”等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句：从句中的动词也用“should+动词原形(should可省)”。 8. It's+important / necessary / impossible+that主语从句：常用“should+动词原形(should可省)”。

  24. 考点3. 虚拟语气的特殊情况 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011·北京卷30) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气的特殊用法——错综时间虚拟条件句。从句中含有then，可推知此句是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以用过去完成时。而主句则用了与现在事实相反的would be。句意：也许如果我那时学习了理科而不是文学的话，那么(现在)我就能给你更多的帮助。

  25. 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。

  26. 2. 含蓄虚拟条件句 I knew my uncle ______ no time. Otherwise he ______ me company to go hiking. A. did have; would have kept B. had; had kept C. has; would have kept D. had had; had kept 【解析】选A。本题考查强调和虚拟语气。第一句说的是事实，故不用虚拟语气， did 在此处表示强调；第二空表示对过去事实的虚拟，故用would have kept。

  27. 例2：We ______ John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011·江西卷28) A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 【解析】选D。but for“要不是因为”。此句表示“要不是因为John最近受伤了，我们昨天就会把他的名字打入竞赛名单里。”受伤这一动作发生于过去，因此该句表与过去事实相反。主句用would have done的形式。

  28. 假设情况不用if从句来表示，而是用without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一种含蓄条件。表示与现在或将来相反，用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”；表示与过去相反用“would (should, could, might)+have+过去分词”。

  29. 3. 虚拟语气的省略与倒装 ______ in your position, I would go. A. If I B. Were I C. If was I D. If I am 【解析】选B。该结构可还原为： If I were in your position。

  30. 虚拟条件从句中若有were, should, had时，可将其提到句首，并将if省略。

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