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Anatomy of an Enforcement Action by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Susan B. Smith Associate University Counsel Temple University June 21, 2001. The Big Picture. NRC Jurisdiction. Research Basic Science Diagnostic / Therapeutic Activities Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Oncology EH&S
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Anatomy of an Enforcement Action by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Susan B. SmithAssociate University CounselTemple University June 21, 2001
NRC Jurisdiction • Research • Basic Science • Diagnostic / Therapeutic Activities • Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Oncology • EH&S • Ordering; Storage; Disposal • Overlapping jurisdiction w/EPA, DOL, OSHA, DEP
Soup to Nuts • Incident occurs; • Investigation ensues; • “Predecisional Enforcement Conference” is held; then • Official action is imposed.
Triggering an Investigation • Improper handling, storage, disposal • Medical misadministration • Falsification • Wrongdoing • Discrimination / retaliation
Reducing Possibility of Investigation • Create policies • Provide training, education • Make RSO accessible • Conduct Audits • self-identify problems
Knowing Your Investigators • Not trained physicists or clinicians • Educate the investigators • Academic institution v. nuclear reactor • Union environment • Tenure / property rights
Involving Counsel • Multiple representation • Conflicts between clients • Outside counsel
Living Through the Investigation (I) • Notify insurance company • Provide training • Responding to document requests • to subpoena or not to subpoena • be alert to state law • creating documents (e.g., org. charts)
Living Through the Investigation (II) • Witness Interviews • Preparation before interview • Counsel’s presence at interview • Request for polygraphs
Reviewing OI Findings • Ask to see full report • Ask whether criminal referral issued • Consider submitting response
Particulars of the Conference • Purpose: To provide info. to assist NRC in determining enforcement action. • Goal -- to reach understanding of: • facts, root causes, missed opportunities; • corrective actions taken or planned; and • significance of issues; need for comprehensive corrective action.
Attending the Conference • Who will attend? • from NRC • from institution • from other agencies
Presenting at the Conference • Setting the tone • combative v. righteously indignant v. statesmanlike v. apologetic v. submissive • Who Presents? • Script presentation • consider exhibits, multimedia • What to Present? • Identify source of problem • Corrective actions
Advocating at the Conference • Non-cited Violation (NCV) • Administrative Action: letter of reprimand, demand for info., notice of deviation, notice of nonconformance. • Notice of Violation (NOV) • Civil Penalty (CP) • Order: to modify, suspend, or revoke license; to cease and desist; etc.
After the Conference • Follow-up, as appropriate • Respond to action imposed • Take institutional action • personnel action • Contest action
Responding Internally • Effect all promised corrective action • Effect culture change, if appropriate • senior administration • faculty / staff • Control internal damage