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CASES in Russian

CASES in Russian.

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CASES in Russian

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  1. CASES in Russian • The cases are a concept that does not exist in English. Those who did Latin or German might have encountered cases before. Put simply, they makenouns (objects, people, abstract concepts like „love“, „peace“, „understanding“) and adjectives (describing words) change their endings.

  2. WHYdoes Russian need cases? • In English, many different situations are expressed with e.g. only a preposition (relation word = puts two nouns into some sort of relation with each other, i.e. I went out with him/I went out without him.) Russian expresses this in addition with the ending of a word. This has grown historically, English dropped its endings, Russian kept and „cultivated“ them.

  3. WHERE do I find cases? • Only nouns, pronouns (substitute nouns, like he or her) adjectives and number words are affected. • They will change endings after prepositions, verbs (action words) or to express differences of usage

  4. How do I know WHICH case I need? • You can’t KNOW, you will have to learn it or use the dictionary for help! • When you learn new words (a verb e.g.), always write in brackets which case it takes so you know for the future

  5. HOWdo I find out what the endings are? • You will get a “CASE BIBLE”. For all its complications, Russian is at least a rather regular language with not too many exceptions. • Certain question words will indicate which case to use.

  6. THE RUSSIAN CASE SYSTEM Russian has 6 cases. Learn them by heart in the following order: • NOMINATIVE • GENITIVE • DATIVE • ACCUSATIVE • INSTRUMENTAL • PREPOSITIONAL We will learn in which situations which case is used and practice to change words according to the so called declension tables.

  7. NOMINATIVE • BASIC FORM of nouns, adjectives and number words as you would find them in the DICTIONARY. • Used to answer the question “WHO is …” or “WHATis …” (кто/что) and in sentences stating facts with “is” e.g. • That is my father. – Это мой отец. • This is a house. – Это дом. • This is an interesting book. - Это интересная книга.

  8. PREPOSITIONAL • Used mostly to indicate LOCATION after the two prepositions „в“ and„на“ = „in“. • Used to answer the question “ABOUT who/what…” (oком/о чём) • Тhe most common ending is -e. e.g. • I live ina house. – Я живу в доме. • I think about my brother. – Я думаю о брате.

  9. Practice1 – упражнение1 • How would you say in Russian: I live in • a house • a manor • a castle • a countryside house (MEMORISE! Use “на” • a skyscraper • a flat • a bungalow (NB! Foreign word) • a villa • England • Russia

  10. упражнение2 • How would you say in Russian: I live in • a detached house • a semidetached house • a beautiful castle (beautiful = красивый) • a big flat • the White house • a multi-storey house • a small bungalow

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