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Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices

Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices. Prof . Zoltan Francisc Baruch Computer Science Department Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. Course Information (1). Course grading 30 % Laboratory  colloquy 7 0 % Exam (mid-term + final ) Minimum grade for each activity: 5

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Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices

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  1. Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices Prof. ZoltanFranciscBaruch Computer Science Department Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

  2. Course Information (1) • Course grading • 30% Laboratory  colloquy • 70% Exam (mid-term + final) • Minimum grade for each activity: 5 • +1 point: Synthesis (optional) • +2 points: Application (optional) • Web pages • http://users.utcluj.ro/~baruch/en/ Teaching → Input/Output Systems Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  3. Course Information (2) • Remarks • Presence at the lectures to be accepted in the final exam: min. 50% • Presence at the laboratory works to be accepted in the final exam: 100% • Passing the partial (mid-term) exam is very important • At the exam, block diagrams and timing diagrams must be explained Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  4. Bibliography (1) • Baruch, Z. F., Computer Input/OutputSystems (in Romanian), CarteaAlbastră, Cluj-Napoca, 2000, ISBN 973-9443-39-7 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  5. Bibliography (2) • Rosch, Winn L., Hardware Bible, Sixth Edition, Que Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-7897-2859-1 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  6. Bibliography (3) • Mueller, Scott, Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 21st Edition, Que Publishing, 2013, ISBN 0-7897-5000-7 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  7. Contents of the Lecture • 1. Introduction • 2. Methods for I/O Operations • 3. Buses • 4. Liquid Crystal Displays • 5. Other Types of Displays • 6. Graphics Adapters • 7. Optical Discs Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  8. 1. Introduction • I/O Systems • Structure of an I/O System • I/O Modules Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  9. I/O Systems (1) • I/O System (IOS): performs the transfer of information between the main memory and the external environment of the computer system • External information media • Other computer systems • The computer system’s performance depends on the relationship between: • Processor and memory • Processor and I/O devices Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  10. I/O Systems (2) • Theaccess timeandtransfer rate of I/O devices influence the overall performance of the system • CPU execution time– does not include the time waiting for I/O operations or running other programs • Ignores I/O operations • A more appropriate performance metric: response time Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  11. I/O Systems (3) • Ignoring the IOS reduces the system’s global performance • Example: • Assume a difference of 10% between the CPU execution time and response time • The CPU speed increases by a factor of 10, neglecting the I/O system • Amdahl’s Law: a speedup of only 5 times is achieved Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  12. 1. Introduction • I/O Systems • Structure of an I/O System • I/O Modules Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  13. Structure of an I/O System (1) Structure of a computer system and a typical I/O system Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  14. Structure of an I/O System (2) • Peripheral devices are not connected directly to the system bus for the following reasons: • There is awide varietyof peripherals, with various methods of operation • The data transfer rateof peripherals can be much lower than that of memory and CPU • Peripherals usedifferent data formatsandword lengthsthan the CPU Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  15. 1. Introduction • I/O Systems • Structure of an I/O System • I/O Modules Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  16. I/O Modules (1) • An I/O module (I/O controller) performs the following: • Controlsthe external devices • Transfers databetween those devices and main memoryand/orCPU registers • Aninternal interface: to the CPU and main memory • Anexternal interface: to the peripheral device Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  17. I/O Modules (2) • Functionsand main requirements for an I/O module: • Control and timing • Communication with the CPU • Communication with the external devices • Data buffering • Error detection Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  18. I/O Modules (3) • Control and timing • During any period of time, the CPU may communicate with one or more external devices • Internal resources must be shared among several activities • Function to coordinate the flow of data between internal resources and external devices Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  19. I/O Modules (4) • Communication with the CPU includes: • Command decoding • Commands  signals on the control bus • Parameters  on the data bus • Data transfer between the CPU and the I/O module over the data bus • Status reporting • An I/O module may be busy with the execution of the previous command  BUSY signal • Address recognition for each peripheral Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  20. I/O Modules (5) • Communication with the external devices • Performed using control, status, and data signals • Data buffering • For most peripheral devices, the transfer rate is low compared to that between main memory and CPU • Data transferred from main memory are buffered by the I/O module and sent to the peripheral device at its data rate Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  21. I/O Modules (6) • Error detection • Errors should be reported to the CPU • Mechanical and electrical malfunctions • Accidental changes of the data transmitted from the device to the I/O module • Error-detecting and error-correcting codes • Parity bit • CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) • ECC (Error Correcting Code) Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  22. Summary • For users, response time is a more appropriate performance metric than CPU execution time • The performance of IOS influences significantly the global performance of the computer system • Peripheral devices are connected to the system bus via I/O modules Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  23. Concepts, Knowledge • Input/output system • CPU execution time • Response time • I/O module (I/O controller) • Functions of an I/O module • CRC, ECC codes Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

  24. Questions • What is the difference between CPU execution time and response time? • What are the reasons for which peripheral devices are not connected directly to the system bus? • What are the functions of an I/O module? Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (01)

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