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Germanium, predicted by Mendeleev in 1871, is a semiconductor element primarily existing in a solid state at room temperature, with a density of 5.323 g/cm³. It melts at 938°C (1211K) and boils at 2833°C (3106K). Its specific heat capacity is 23.222 J/mol·K, with a heat of fusion of 36.94 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 334 kJ/mol. Germanium occurs naturally within the Earth's atmosphere in various phases. This valuable element is used in electronics and optical devices, leveraging its unique physical and chemical properties.
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Physical & Chemical Properties • Standard State (phase):Solid. • Density (near room temp.): 5.323g/cm^3 • Liquid Density (at melting point): 5.6g/cm^3 • Specific Heat Capacity: 23.222J/mol·1/K • Heat of Fusion: 36.94kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 334kJ/mol Melting Point (K): 1211K Melting Point (°C): 938°C Melting Point (°F): 1720°F Boiling Point (K): 3106K Boiling Point (°C): 2833°C Boiling Point (°F): 5131°F . • Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.6771g/amp-hr • Electron Work Function: 5eV • Electronegativity: 2.01 (Pauling); 2.02 (AllrodRochow) • Heat of Fusion: 36.94kJ/mol
Information • Germanium was an element whose existence was predicted by Mendeleev in 1871. He predicted that the then unknown element germanium should resemble silicon in its properties. He suggested therefore the name ekasilicon (symbol Es). His predictions for the properties of germanium are remarkably close to the reality. Germanium was discovered in a mineral called argyrodite by Clemens Alexander Winkler in 1886. In the summer of 1885, a rich silver ore of unusual appearance was found at Himmelsfurst Fundgrube near Freiburg. Germanium is found within the confines of our Earth's atmosphere as either a gas that never • changes or as a solid or as a liquid. the state it is found in merely depends where • within said confines you find Germanium at the particular time.
