1 / 46

Earth from geological viewpoint

Earth from geological viewpoint. Earth from meteorological viewpoint. Earth from ecological viewpoint. Earth as huge system of interdependent, interacting, parts. The 4 components of Earth. 1. Lithosphere : the solid Earth; land, soil. The 4 components of Earth.

genera
Télécharger la présentation

Earth from geological viewpoint

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Earth from geological viewpoint

  2. Earth from meteorological viewpoint

  3. Earth from ecological viewpoint Earth as huge system of interdependent, interacting, parts

  4. The 4 components of Earth 1. Lithosphere: the solid Earth; land, soil

  5. The 4 components of Earth 2. Hydrosphere: the liquid Earth; water

  6. The 4components of Earth 3. Atmosphere: the gaseous Earth; air

  7. The 4 components of Earth 4. Organisms: living things

  8. Biosphere Includes parts of all 4 components of Earth in which living things occur.

  9. Levels of organization in the living world

  10. Levels of organization in the living world • Organisms: individual living things

  11. Levels of organization in the living world • Population: group of individuals of same species occupying a given area at the same time.

  12. Levels of organization in the living world • Community: populations of all species occupying a particular place

  13. Levels of organization in the living world • Ecosystem: community(ies) interacting with one another and with the physical environment in a particular place

  14. Levels of organization in the living world • Biome: a major category of ecosystem (e.g., desert, grassland, tropical rainforest, etc.)

  15. ECOLOGY • Ecology: the scientific study of ecosystem structure and function • Ecologists vs. Environmentalists

  16. Structure of ecosystems 1. Energy source • Usually sunlight Deep sea vent

  17. Structure of ecosystems 2. Physical environment: non-living materials like air, water, minerals, etc.

  18. Structure of ecosystems 3. Producers • Make their own food

  19. Structure of ecosystems 4. Consumers • Eat other living things • Primary • Secondary

  20. Structure of ecosystems 5. Decomposers • Eat waste matter and dead living things

  21. Function of ecosystems • All ecosystem interactions depend on • 1. One-way flow of energy • 2. Matter cycling

  22. Energy Flow • Energy: the ability to do work • Energy quality: measure of ability to do work

  23. Energy Flow • Energy: the ability to do work • Energy quality: measure of ability to do work • High: organized, concentrated; great ability to do work. Ex. electricity

  24. Energy Flow • Energy: the ability to do work • Energy quality: measure of ability to do work • High: organized, concentrated; great ability to do work. Ex. electricity • Low: disorganized or dilute; low ability to do useful work. Ex. heat less than 100°C

  25. Laws of thermodynamics • 1. Matter and energy can’t be created or destroyed, only transformed • You can’t get something for nothing • There’s no such thing as a free lunch • E = mc2 • 2. Energy degrades to a less usable, lower quality form (low heat is lowest) • Energy quality “tax” • You can’t win • You can’t get out of the game, either

  26. One-way flow of energy • Food chain: a series of organisms, each eating or decomposing the preceding one. A channel for one-way flow of energy (and the recycling of materials). • Individual organisms

  27. One-way flow of energy • Food Web: a tracing of movement of all energy (and matter) passing through an ecosystem. • Including all interconnected food chains

  28. One-way flow of energy • Some concepts • Pyramid of energy: due to the “energy quality tax” of the second law of thermodynamics, only 2-30% of the energy a one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level • Depends on species and ecosystems involved • The “average” number is 10%

  29. One-way flow of energy • Pyramid of numbers and biomass: related to the pyramid of energy. • More people can be supported by plants than by animal meat

  30. One-way flow of energy • Pyramid of numbers and biomass: Human Trout Frogs Grasshoppers Grass 1 300 90,000 27,000,000 1000 tons

  31. Human 1 Trout Humans 300 30 Frogs 90,000 Frogs 90,000 Grasshoppers 27,000,000 Grasshoppers 27,000,000 Grass 1000 tons Grass 1000 tons One-way flow of energy • Pyramid of numbers and biomass:

  32. Human 1 Trout 300 Frogs 90,000 Humans 900 Grasshoppers 27,000,000 Grasshoppers 27,000,000 Grass 1000 tons Grass 1000 tons One-way flow of energy • Pyramid of numbers and biomass:

  33. Human 1 Trout 300 Frogs 90,000 Grasshoppers 27,000,000 Humans 2,000 Grass 1000 tons Grass 1000 tons One-way flow of energy • Pyramid of numbers and biomass:

  34. One-way flow of energy • Net Primary Productivity: rate at which plants produce chemical energy (PSS) MINUSthe rate at which plants use chemical energy (respiration) • The “income” of animals

  35. So, which biomes on Earth are the most productive?

  36. Kcal/m2/yr

  37. Kcal/m2/yr

More Related