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Analyzing Urine Specimens: Physical, Chemical, and Microscopic Examination Techniques

This guide outlines the procedures for conducting physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations of urine specimens. For physical exams, assess clarity and color using a white background and bright lighting. In chemical exams, strict adherence to reagent strip testing protocols is vital to avoid erroneous results. The microscopic exam, often the least standardized, is performed selectively when abnormalities are detected or ordered by a physician. Yeast identification in urine is highlighted, particularly in cases of infections related to vaginal moniliasis or in immunocompromised patients.

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Analyzing Urine Specimens: Physical, Chemical, and Microscopic Examination Techniques

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  1. Physical Exam In assessing clarity you should hold the specimen against a white background in bright lighting.

  2. Physical Exam To assess color you should hold the specimen against a white background as well as look inside the top of the specimen.

  3. Chemical Exam In completing the chemical exam it is very important to follow the procedure for completing the reagent strip test to not report erroneous results.

  4. Chemical Exam In completing the chemical exam it is very important to follow the procedure for completing the reagent strip test to not report erroneous results.

  5. Microscopic Exam This process in the complete urinalysis is the least standardized and lengthy. The microscopic exam is usually only done if blood, protein, leukocytes, nitrite or abnormal color or clarity are present or if the physician orders it.

  6. Yeast (X400) Yeast appear in oval form and may contain buds. In severe infections yeast appear in mycelial form. Yeast can be found in urine specimens of women with vaginal moniliasis, diabetic and immunocompromised patients. WBC’s should accompany a yeast infection.

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