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Splint :

Splint :. Any material which is used to support a fracture is called a splint, e.g , folded newspaper , wood , cardboard , In the orthopaedic practice POP splint are most commonly. POP splint (plaster of paris):

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Splint :

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  1. Splint : • Any material which is used to support a fracture is called a splint, e.g , folded newspaper , wood , cardboard , • In the orthopaedic practice POP splint are most commonly. • POP splint (plaster of paris): • History :an accident to a house built on deposit of gypsum near the city of Paris ,burnt accidentally , rained on the next day , footprint of the people in the mud had set rock hard .Mathysen 1852 used in orthpaedics. • Chemical formula :hemihydrated calcium suphate.

  2. Various forms : • Slab • Casts • Spica Rules of application of POP casts: • Choose correct size :thigh(8 inches) , leg(6 inches) ,and forearm (4 inches) • joint above and a joint below should be included • It should be moulded with the palm and fingers • Joints should be immobilised in functional positions • Plaster should not be too tight or too loose • Uniform thickness of the plaster is preferred.

  3. COMPLICATION OF POP : Due to tight fit : - pain , - pressure sores , - compartmental syndromes , - peripheral nerve injuries Due to plaster allergy : - allergic dermatitis Due to improper application : - joint stiffness , - breakage , - plaster blister and sores.

  4. TRACTION: Uses : • to reduce a fracture or a dislocation • To retain the fracture after reduction • To overcome the muscle spasm • To control movement of an injured part of the body and to aid in healing METHODS OF TRACTION : • Skin traction :6.7 kg weight is used • Skeletal traction : more than 5 kg • Skeletal , pelvic and spinal.

  5. Operative treatment : Implants : - defined as a material inserted or grafted into intact tissue or body cavity with some specific purpose. Plates : -widely used for internal fixation of diaphyseal fractures, - useful in subcutaneous situations , -prolonged immobilisation. Screw : -used mostly to fasten the plates to the bone, -used to fix fracture.

  6. External fixation (EF) • An EF is the method of fixing the fracture with a cluster of pins connected to external bars. Indication : -open fracture with severe soft tissue injury , - to stabilise long bone , - for fixation of pelvic fractures , - for definitive treatment of some fractures of the longs and pelvis Complication : - pin loosening , pin migration , pin breakage ,pin tract infection , -chronic osteomyelitis, septic arthritis

  7. FACTORS AFFECTING FRACTURE HEALING: FACTOR FAVOURING UNION: • Adequate circulation • Hormones like GH , thyroxine etc. • Good nutrition FACTORS DETRIMENTAL TO UNION: • Poor circulation , • infection • segmental fracture • osteoporosis • inadequate and • improper immobilisation

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