Indian Wars: The Conquest of the Far West

1. Indian Wars: The Conquest of the Far West Do Now: What was the previous Policy regarding American Indians? Name one. AIM: What policies did the U.S. Government have towards American Indians after the Civil War?

2. NAMED CAMPAIGNS - INDIAN WARS

4. Battle at the Little Bighorn

5. The Laramie Agreement • In late 1875, Sioux and Cheyenne Indians were angered at the whites travelling into their sacred lands in the Black Hills. • Gold had seen many miners entering the sacred land

6. Promises Broken • The US Government had promised Red Cloud that white settlers would not be allowed to settle here. This was part of the Fort Laramie Treaty. • The Sioux gathered with Sitting Bullto fight for their lands.

7. CUSTER • To force the large Indian army back to the reservations, the Army sent Lt. Colonel George Custer and the Seventh Cavalry. • Spotting the Sioux village about fifteen miles away along the Rosebud River on June 25, Custer also found a nearby group of about forty warriors.

8. Out Numbered • Ignoring orders to wait, he decided to attack before they could alert the main party. • He did not realize that the number of warriors in the village numbered three times his strength.

9. Crazy Horse • Cheyenne and Hunkpapa Sioux together crossed the river and slammed into the advancing soldiers, forcing them back • Meanwhile, another force, largely Oglala Sioux under Crazy Horse's command, surrounded Custer and his men in a pincer move. They began pouring in gunfire and arrows.

10. Last Stand • As the Indians closed in, Custer ordered his men to shoot their horses and stack the carcasses to form a wall, but they provided little protection against bullets. • In less than an hour, Custer and his men were killed in the worst American military disaster ever.

11. REVENGE • Little Bighorn showed the Indians' power. They had achieved their greatest victory • Outraged over the death of a popular Civil War leader the US Government fought back

12. The Dispersal of the Tribes • The Dawes Act (1887) • Gradual elimination of Tribal Ownership • Separation of Tribes • Americanization of Indians • Gave land to White Settlers The Conquest of the Far West

13. The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on the banks of Wounded Knee Creek about twenty five miles west of current day town of Martin, South Dakota on December 29, 1890.

14. Sitting Bull refused to attend the treaty at Fort Laramie in 1868.   Sitting Bull fought the surveyors over the Northern Pacific Railroad in 1872 On June 25, 1876 Sitting Bull fought Custer at the Battle of the Little Big Horn. May of 1877 retreating to Canada Sitting Bull stayed  with his tribe until 1881.      Enduring harsh punishment Sitting Bull was detained as a prisoner of war at Fort Randall from '81 - '83  In 1885, Sitting Bull traveled around the world as a star performer with Buffalo Bill Cody and his Wild West Show In 1890, Sitting Bull was killed by Red Tomahawk who was one of the Sioux police sent by Agent James McLaughlin Born: 1831 in South Dakota near Grand River Sitting Bull Sioux Indian nominated to be a Hunkpapa Chief in 1866, a warrior, spiritual leader and politician Died: December 14, 1890 in South Dakota at his Grand River camp

15. Tension was running high leading up to the Wounded Knee Massacre due to the murder of Sitting Bull on December 15 which caused some of the Miniconjou Sioux Indians and Hunkpapa Sioux Indians to leave the reservations and head toward the Badlands.

16. After Sitting Bull's death, Big Foot feared for the safety of his band, which consisted in large part of widows of the Plains wars and their children. Big Foot himself had been placed on the list of "fomenters of disturbances," and his arrest had been ordered. He led his band toward Pine Ridge, hoping for the protection of Red Cloud. However, he fell ill from pneumonia on the trip and was forced to travel in the back of a wagon.

17. He tried to find safety at the town of Pine Ridge, but the soldiers found him first. Dying of pneumonia, Big Foot surrendered peacefully. He had the misfortune to fall into the hands of the seventh Calvary. They brought the Indians to a campsite near Wounded Knee, already well within the borders of the reservation.

18. No one knows what caused the disturbance, no one claims the first shot, the Wounded Knee Massacre began fiercely with the Hotchkiss guns raining fragmentation shells into the village at a combined rate of 200 or more rounds a minute. The 500 well armed Cavalry Troopers were well positioned using crossing fire to methodically carry out what is known as the Wounded Knee Massacre.

19. Almost immediately most of the Sioux Indian men were killed.   A few Sioux Indians mustered enough strength barehanded to kill 29 soldiers and wound 39 more. The bravery of these people was to no avail for as  long as an Indian moved, the guns kept firing.  Unarmed Sioux Indian Women and children were mercilessly massacred.  A few ran as far as three miles only to be chased by the long knives of the Cavalry and put to death

20. Officers and men were revengeful and trigger-happy.. The Hotchkiss guns were pouring shells into groups of mothers and children.

21. Of the original 350 Indians one estimate stated that only 50 survived.   Almost all historical statistics report over 200 Indians being killed on that day. Government figures only reported the Indian dead as 64 men, 44 women and girls, and 18 babies.   All of the bodies were buried in one communal grave.