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The Legislative Branch:

Objective : Compare and Contrast the House and Senate. Warm-Up : Write down everything you know about Congress…(really!)”. The Legislative Branch:. The United States of America in Congress Assembled. What We Know:. Operations. Membership. Structure. Basic Structure.

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The Legislative Branch:

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  1. Objective: Compare and Contrast the House and Senate. Warm-Up: Write down everything you know about Congress…(really!)” The Legislative Branch: The United States of America in Congress Assembled

  2. What We Know: • Operations • Membership • Structure

  3. Basic Structure • Bicameral Legislature • House: • _________________________ • _________________________ • Senate • _________________________ • Powers: • __________________________ • __________________________ • Legislative function

  4. House Constitutional Differences ___________________ ___________________ Differences in Operation ___________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Changes in the Institution ________________________________________________________________________________________ Senate Constitutional Differences _____________________ _____________________ Ex. nominations Approves treaties Differences in Operation ____________________________________________ ______________________ ______________________ Changes in the Institution ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ A Comparison of the Houses of Congress

  5. Organization of the House • _____________________________ • Only officer mentioned in the Constitution • Elected by the entire House, but ________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________ • Other majority and minority leadership positions selected by party caucuses

  6. Organization of the Senate • _______________________________________________________________; usually a junior member • “Gentleman’s Club” has become less courteous, controllable and predictable with debate both on and off the floor

  7. ________________ advantages*** _______________ Theories of representation Trustee Delegate Politico Members of Congress

  8. Members make decisions by considering views and influence of: • Party position –____________________________________ • ______________________ – people who live and vote in the home state • Colleagues and caucuses • ___________________________* • Staff and support agencies • GAO • CRS • CBO • ___________________________________

  9. Committee System • Most of the work is done in committees, which are a part of the “unwritten Constitution” • ________________ – proposed bills are referred there • _____________________ – do most of the lawmaking work and investigation • ____________________ – include members of both houses • ____________________ – members of both houses meet to iron out differences on specific pieces of legislation • ____________________ – temporary committee; conducts special investigations

  10. Committee Structure and Membershipwww.house.gov and www.senate.gov • Committee Chairs • ____________________________________.* • The ____________________________ of the minority party usually becomes Chair if majority party changes • ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • In the Senate, they are determined by seniority, but no longer in the House • Members seek committee assignments that reflect interest, expertise, and opportunity to add to their political capital • ___________________________ – legislation that allows members to bring money and jobs into their districts • ___________________________ – monies that an appropriations bill designates for specific projects within a members district or state • __________________________________________________are created when members of committees and committee staffers interact with bureaucrats and lobbyists/interest groups to discuss and shape policy.

  11. House Committees • Committee on Agriculture • Committee on Appropriations • Committee on Armed Services • Committee on the Budget • Committee on Education and Labor • Committee on Energy and Commerce • Committee on Financial Services • Committee on Foreign Affairs • Committee on Homeland Security • Committee on House Administration • Committee on the Judiciary • Committee on Natural Resources • Committee on Oversight and Government Reform • Committee on Rules • Committee on Science and Technology • Committee on Small Business • Committee on Standards of Official Conduct • Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure • Committee on Veterans' Affairs • Committee on Ways and Means • Joint Economic Committee • Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies • Joint Committee on Taxation • House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence • House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming

  12. Senate Committees • Standing • Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry • Appropriations • Armed Services • Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs • Budget • Commerce, Science, and Transportation • Energy and Natural Resources • Environment and Public Works • Finance • Foreign Relations • Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions • Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs • Judiciary • Rules and Administration • Small Business and Entrepreneurship • Veterans' Affairs • Special, Select, and Other • Indian Affairs • Select Committee on Ethics • Select Committee on Intelligence • Special Committee on Aging • Joint • Joint Committee on Printing • Joint Committee on Taxation • Joint Committee on the Library • Joint Economic Committee

  13. Congress and the President • Shifting balance of power: ______________ of executive power at the ____________ of legislative • ___________________________________ • Congressional investigation of programs or officials • Congressional Review – process used by Congress to nullify (bureaucratic) agency regulations • Foreign Policy and National Security • _________________________________ • ______________________________________________ (i.e. warrantless wiretapping) • _________________________________________ • ______________________________ • House Judiciary Committee leads investigation in House before Impeachment is voted on • Trial is conducted in the Senate

  14. Congress and the Judiciary • Congress must be mindful of _______________________________ • _____________________ are set up/structured by _______________ • Senatorial courtesy allows ______________ from a state a voice in the selection of _______________________. • ___________________________

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