RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did key events shape World War I?

VOCABULARY Vladimir Lenin Bolshevik Revolution Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

QUotE jigsaw “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” -George Santayana

Activator Review “Revolutions in Russia” Textbook, pp. 433-439

ACTIVATOr Based on your reading, what are 5 words that come to your mind when you hear “Russian Revolution” Why did you choose these words? What does it say about what you read?

BRAINSTORM What is a czar? What did the czars do to lead to revolution in Russia? Czar = Russian ruler/king Suppressed nationalities in Russia and pushed Russian culture (Russification)

BRAINSTORM Before 1890, how did Russia’s industry compare to the rest of Europe? How did this change? Russia was far behind With British & French investors, Russia rapidly grew in industrialization.

BRainstoRm What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

Positive EFFects • Corporations • Similar to joint-stock companies, but in industry • Britain gets wealthier • Rise in Cities • More people moved to the cities, thus developing areas that were small • Benefits • Industrialization would lead to more technology • Better food, clothing • People heat their homes

Negative EFFects • Rise in Cities • Cities were dirty, unsafe • Average life span = 17 years • Working Conditions • Factors were unsafe • Child labor was common • Economic Inequality • Business owners got rich • Rich get richer • Workers were paid very little • Poor get poorer • Pollution

RUSSIAN INDUSTRIALIZATION • Positive Effects • Russia becomes #4 in the world in steel production • 1916 – Russia completes the Trans-Siberian Railway • Russia could now transport goods to/from all of Europe • Negative Effects • Grueling working conditions • Low wages • Child labor Sound familiar?

BRAINSTORM What 2 economic philosophies developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Capitalism Socialism

BRAINSTORM How are capitalism and socialism different?

REVIEW p. 303

BRAINSTORM Who is this man? KARL MARX

COMMUNISM REVIEW • Karl Marx • Wrote the book “The Communist Manifesto” • Communism/Marxism • Extreme version of socialism brought on through revolution • Believed all the world’s workers would revolt against the rich owners • Felt violence was both necessary and needed

Warring Classes BOURGEOISIE PROLETARIAT Poor workers “Have Nots” VS. Rich business owners “Haves”

BRAINSTORM Why would communism be appealing to the Russian people during this time of industrialization?

REVOLUTION • Communism Becomes Popular • Bolsheviks – Russian Communists who wanted a revolution • Would create a new society ruled by the workers, not the Czar/king • All would be equal • No rich, no poor • Vladimir Lenin • Leader of the Bolsheviks • Seen as an extremist • Czar Nicholas II wanted him arrested, so he fled Russia

BRAINSTORM What ultimately led to the 3rd Estate starting the French Revolution?

Reading Read “Bloody Sunday” By Father Gapon

BRAINSTORM Why did the French people storm the Bastille during the French Revolution?

BRAINSTORM What happened when the Russian people leading a small revolution in 1905?

MORE PROBLEMS • Russo-Japanese War (p. 434-435) • Russia & Japan fought over land in Asia (imperialism) • Russia suffered defeats; led to anger among people • Bloody Sunday: Revolution of 1905 (p. 435) • 200,000 Russian workers marched to the Czar’s palace and asked for better working conditions and a national assembly (Sound familiar?) • They came unarmed; Czar’s generals fired on the crowd • This led to violent rebellions throughout Russia • Czar would not share power with the people (familiar?)

FINAL MISTAKE: WWI • Entering WWI (p. 435) • Russia’s military and economy was too weak for the war • 4,000,000 Russians died • Millions more wounded, or captured by enemy • Czar ran war; Wife ran Russia • Czarina Alexandra Rules • Does not listen to advisers • Follows Rasputin • Claimed to be a holy man • Thought to be crazy/evil

BRAINSTORM Anyone ever hear of Rasputin?

IMPACT OF RASPUTIN • Rasputin • Rasputin claimed to be able to heal the prince • The Czarina allowed Rasputin to make political decisions as thanks for helping the boy • Rasputin opposed reform and made things worse • He was murdered by a group of advisers • Poisoned, shot, and drowned • Feared to have survived the murder due to his “religious powers” but was in fact dead • Rasputin is often blamed for the end of Czarist Russia

BRAINSTORM What caused the “fierce fishwomen of Paris” to storm Versailles during the French Revolution?

BRAINSTORM What ultimately did the French people do with Louis XVI & Marie? Why?

MARCH REVOLUTION • Women Textile Workers Riot • March 1917 – Riots over lack of fuel & bread (Familiar?) • At first soldiers obey orders to fire on them, but then join them and fight along side the workers • Led to a large scale revolution (March Revolution) • End of Czar Rule • Czar Nicholas II steps down • Him and his family are murdered by revolutionaries a year later so a new government could form

Lenin Returns • Provisional Government • A provisional, or temporary, government is set up • Russia stays in WWI, which continues to upset the people • Socialist revolutionaries form the Soviets (workers, peasants, soldiers) who want out of WWI • The Return of Lenin • Lenin returns to Russia • Soviets join with Bolsheviks to lead a revolution • Lenin’s slogan to the people: “Peace, Land, and Bread”

Review How did the Russian people feel about being in The Great War?

Unrest in Russia • Russian People Unhappy • The war has led to shortages of food and fuel (rationing) • Czar Nicholas II, the ruler of Russia, gives up power • A temporary government is formed, but continues war • Russian Army Quits • 5,500,000 Russians are killed, injured, or captured by 1917 • Army refuses to fight

EASTERN FRONT WESTERN FRONT p. 412

BRainstorm Since the Russian people do not want to be in The Great War, what should Lenin do?

Lenin In Charge • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Peace treaty with Germany • Takes Russia out of WWI • Lenin gives up a lot of Russian land to get them out of war • Other Changes • Immediately makes Russia a communist country • All farmland is equally distributed among the people • Control of the factories is given to the workers • No rich, no poor; all equal

EASTERN FRONT WESTERN FRONT p. 412

WWI Opposing Sides Central Powers Allied Powers ITALY UNITED STATES GERMANY JAPAN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY GREAT BRITAIN SERBIA OTTOMAN EMPIRE BULGARIA FRANCE RUSSIA

BRAINSTORM Do you think all the people in Russia liked Lenin’s changes?

BRAINSTORM What could happen if all the people are not happywith this new government?

CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA • Unrest in Russia • Some Russia do not like the Bolsheviks • Unhappy with terms of the treaty and murder of Czar • Russian Civil War • Red Army vs. White Army • Red Army – Bolsheviks • White Army – Lenin haters • Very bloody revolution • 14,000,000 Russians died • Fighting lasted only 3 years from but a famine followed • Red Army eventually wins

USSR • Russia Changes Name • Bolsheviks worried that nationalism among the groups of Russia would cause a revolt/rebellion/revolution • Russia was divided into small self-governing republics under the rule of the Bolsheviks and Lenin • Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) replaced Russia as country • Bolsheviks Change Name • Bolsheviks just call themselves the Russian Communist Party now

SUMMARIZE What are 3 things that you learned today? What is the Most Important Thing you learned today?

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION