FHM TRAINING TOOLS

1. FHM TRAINING TOOLS This training presentation is part of FHM’s commitment to creating and keeping safe workplaces. Be sure to check out all the training programs that are specific to your industry.

2. Health Hazards OSHA Hazards for Construction (1926)

3. OSH Act of 1970 • The purpose of the OSH Act is to “assure so far as possible every working, man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.”

4. Routes of Entry • Inhalation • airborne contaminants • Absorption • penetration through the skin • Ingestion • eating • drinking

5. OSHA Hierarchy of Control • Engineering controls • Work practice controls • Administrative controls • Personal protective equipment (PPE)

6. Types of Exposure • Acute • Short term period between exposure and onset of symptoms • Chronic • Long time period between exposure to an agent and the onset of symptoms

7. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • OSHA • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • NIOSH • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health • ACGIH • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

8. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • OSHA • PEL, STEL, Ceiling • NIOSH • TWA, STEL, Ceiling • ACGIH • TWA, STEL, Ceiling

9. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • TWA • takes into account variable exposure through a full shift, 8 hour work day • STEL • limit of exposure during a short period, 15 minutes • CEILING • absolute maximum level of exposure not to be exceeded

10. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • Legally enforceable • OSHA PEL • OSHA AL (action level) • OSHA EL (excursion limit)

11. SilicaSpecial Emphasis Program (SEP) • Special Emphasis Program--Silica • OSHA’s Industrial Hygiene initiative • Collaboration of OSHA Compliance and Consultation Programs SiO2

12. Why Target Crystalline Silica Exposure? • Widespread occurrence and use • Number of related deaths • Number of exposed workers • Health effects

13. Occurrence and Use of Silica • SiO2 - basic component of sand, quartz & granite • Quartz - 2nd most common mineral in the earth’s crust • Airborne silica is produced by:

14. Airborne silica is produced by: sandblasting rock drilling foundry work stone cutting drilling quarrying tunneling jack hammering concrete manufacturing demolition asphalt pavement manufacturing Occurrence and Use of Silica

15. Jack hammering Rock drilling Abrasive blasting Concrete mixing Brick and concrete block or slab cutting Construction Targeting

16. Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL) for Silica 10 mg/m3 % Quartz +2 = ? mg/m3 PEL for respirable dust containing a % silica.

17. Silicosis Prevention Program • Medical surveillance program • baseline examination • medical and occupational history prior to exposure • every 5 years if < 20 years of exposure • every 2 years if > 20 years of exposure • baseline chest x-ray • pulmonary function tests (PFT) • x-ray upon termination of employment Source: OSHA SEP

18. Silicosis Prevention Program • Personal air monitoring program • Training and information on crystalline silica • Availability of air and medical surveillance data to workers • Respiratory protection program Source: OSHA SEP

19. Silicosis Prevention Program • Hygiene facilities and clothing change areas • Recordkeeping • Personal exposures below the PEL OR facility has an abatement program that provides interim worker protection • Housekeeping program • Regulated areas Source: OSHA SEP

20. Health Effects • Acute - intense crystalline silica exposure • Accelerated - more intense exposure over 5 to 15 years • Chronic - 20 to 45 years prolonged exposure to crystalline silica

21. Common Hazard • Abrasive blasting • Paint removal • Renovation & demolition • Road repair

22. Exposure Controls Substitution • Coal slag (black beauty) • Steel grit • Aluminum oxide • Wild stuff (frozen CO2, walnut shells, baking soda

23. Exposure ControlsWet Methods • Water suppression of dust • Very effective method • May be less efficient • Requires supply of water and clean up • Power tools with HEPA exhaust

24. Silica Case Example • 39 year old sandblaster diagnosed with silicosis and tuberculosis after 22 years of abrasive blasting • shortness of breath • wheezing • chest discomfort • lung tissue samples - extensive fibrosis (silicosis)

25. Silica Case Example • 49 year old man diagnosed with silicosis, emphysema, and asthma after 21 years of work as a tile installer where he was exposed to dust from cutting, drilling, and working with grout. He was a nonsmoker

26. Cadmium29 CFR 1926.1127 • Blue-white metal • Grayish-white powder • Found in lead, copper, and zinc sulfide ores • Compounds • highly colored from brown to yellow and red

27. Cadmium29 CFR 1926.1127 • Uses • electrode component in alkaline batteries • stabilizer in plastics • paints

28. Cadmium29 CFR 1926.1127 • Short term exposure • irritation of upper respiratory tract • constriction of the throat • metallic taste • cough • flu-like symptoms

29. Cadmium29 CFR 1926.1127 • Long term exposure • kidney damage • lung cancer • prostate cancer

30. Scope • All occupational exposure to cadmium compounds • in all construction work • construction • alteration • repair

31. Wrecking Demolition Salvage Use of cadmium containing paints Cutting, brazing, burning, grinding or welding Electrical grounding w/cadmium Installation of cadmium products Emergencies Transportation, disposal, and storage Covered Activities

32. Definitions • Action level (AL) • 2.5 g/m3 • Competent person (29 CFR 1926.32) • determines presence of cadmium • regulated areas • access • PPE • training

33. Permissible Exposure Limit PEL = 5 g/m3

34. Exposure Monitoring • Prior to performance • Exposure at or above the AL • relevant plans • reports • MSDSs • other records • Frequency • Additional monitoring ?

35. Initial Monitoring • As soon as practicable • Higher concentrations • monitor while conducting task • Objective data • Documentation • > 5 g/m3 • < 5 g/m3

36. Prohibited Activities • Eating • Drinking • Smoking • Chew tobacco • Apply cosmetics OR carry such products into regulated areas

37. Methods of Compliance • Intermittent exposure • Exposure < 30 days per year • Engineering and work practice controls are not feasible • reduce exposure to lowest level • PPE

38. Methods of Compliance Employee Rotation

39. Compliance Program • Exposure > PEL • Written program • Review and update as necessary

40. Other Requirements • Hygiene areas and practices • Housekeeping • Medical Surveillance • 30 or more days > action level • Communicating hazards • Recordkeeping

41. Lead in Construction Standard29 CFR 1926.62 • SCOPE AND APPLICATION • Applies to all construction work where an employee may be occupationally exposed to lead. • Excludes construction work covered in the general industry standard.

42. Applies to: Demolition Removal and Encapsulation New construction, alteration, repair, or renovation Installation of products containing lead Lead contamination/ emergency cleanup Transportation, disposal, storage Maintenance operations associated with construction Lead in Construction Standard

43. Selected Definitions • LEAD • Metallic lead • All inorganic lead compounds • Organic lead soaps ~ Excludes organic lead compounds. ~

44. Selected Definitions • COMPETENT PERSON • ACTION LEVEL (AL) • 30 g/m3 • PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL) • 50 g/m3

45. Selected Definitions • ALLOWABLE EXPOSURE (in g/m3) 400 # hours worked

46. Selected Definitions • INITIAL DETERMINATION • To determine whether employees are exposed at above the action level • May rely on historical data • May rely on objective data

47. Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction • INITIAL DETERMINATION • TASK 1 TRIGGERS: • Exposure up to 500 g/m3 (10 x the PEL) • Activities include: • manual demolition of structures, hand scrapping or sanding, heat guns, power tool cleaning with dust collection systems, spray painting

48. Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction • INITIAL DETERMINATION • TASK 2 TRIGGERS: • Exposure up to 2,500 g/m3 (>10 x the PEL, but less than 2,500 g/m3 ) • Activities include: • using lead containing mortar, cleanup where dry expendable abrasives are used, rivet busting, power tool cleaning without dust collection systems, movement/removal of enclosures

49. Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction • INITIAL DETERMINATION • TASK 3 TRIGGERS: • Exposure > 2,500 g/m3 (>50 x the PEL) • Activities include: • abrasive blasting, welding, cutting, torch burning

50. Exposure AssessmentLead in Construction • POSITIVE INITIAL DETERMINATION • Exposure at or above the action level and below the PEL • Conduct monitoring representative of each exposed employee • May use historical data • Additional monitoring - every 6 months • Document