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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Number Theory and Fractions. 4-1: Exponents. IWBAT write and evaluate exponential expressions. Vocabulary. Exponent – Tells how many times a repeated factor is to be multiplied. Power – How many times to multiply. Base – The factor to be multiplied. 27. Writing Exponents.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Number Theory and Fractions

  2. 4-1: Exponents IWBAT write and evaluate exponential expressions

  3. Vocabulary • Exponent – Tells how many times a repeated factor is to be multiplied. Power – How many times to multiply Base – The factor to be multiplied 27

  4. Writing Exponents The factor is the base. The number of times the factor appears is the exponent.

  5. Evaluating Exponents 1. Write out what the exponent represents 2. Multiply. Write out each multiplication step

  6. Examples 1) 2) 3) 4) 4 49 216

  7. Evaluating with Substituting Evaluate when n = 5 1) Rewrite the problem with the substitution. 2) Substitute for the variable. 3) Evaluate using order of operations.

  8. Examples Evaluate each expression when n = 5. 1) 2)

  9. Word Problem • A certain cell doubles every hour. If you begin with one cell, at the end of 1 hour there are 2 cells, at the end of 2 hours, there are or 4 cells, and so on. After 6 hours, how many cells will there be? • Hour 1 = 2 • Hour 2 = = 4 • Hour 3 = = 8 • Hour 6 = • 64 cells in 6 hours.

  10. 4-2: Prime Factorization IWBAT use divisibility rules to check for divisibility and write the prime factorization of numbers in exponential form.

  11. Divisibility Rules • A number is divisible by . . . . • 2 if the last digit is even (ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) • 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3 • 4 if the number formed by the last two digits are divisible by 4 • 5 if the last digit is a 0 or 5 • 6 if the number is divisible by both 2 and 3 • 9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9 • 10 if the last digit is a 0

  12. Examples • Tell if 3,742 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, or 10. 1) Test the 2s. Is the number even? yes 2) Test the 3s. Find the digital root. 3+7+4+2 = 16 Is 16 divisible by 3? No 3) Test the 4s. Look at the last two numbers. Is 42 divisible by 4? No 4) Test the 5s. Does it end in 0 or 5? No. 5) Test the 6s. Can it be divisible by 2 and 3? Just 2 and not 3. No 6) Test the 9s. Find the digital root. 3+7+4+2 = 16 = 1+6 = 7 No

  13. 7) Test the 10s. Does it end in 0? No 3,742 is only divisible by 2

  14. Examples Tell if each number is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 or none of these 1) 3,742 2 3 6 2) 5,310 5 9 2 10 3) 47,388 2 3 6 4) 9,999 3 9

  15. Vocabulary • Prime Number – A whole number with only two factors, 1 and itself • Composite Number – A whole number with more than two factors.

  16. Prime Factorization • Breaking down a number so that it is represented as a product of prime numbers • Use the factor tree method to find the prime factorization.

  17. 4-3: Reasonable Answer IWBAT understand when the answer to a problem is reasonable

  18. 4-4: Greatest Common Factor IWBAT find the Greatest Common Factor of two or three numbers

  19. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) • Two methods to finding the GCF • Factor Rainbow • Using Prime Factorizing

  20. 4-5: Using Logical Reasoning IWBAT use logical reasoning to draw conclusions and solve problems

  21. 4-6: Least Common Multiple IWBAT find the least common factor of two or three numbers

  22. Least Common Multiple (LCM) • Use the same methods of finding the GCF to find the LCM, with one major difference.

  23. 4-7: Equivalent Fractions IWBAT find equivalent fractions and write fractions in simplest form

  24. Finding Equivalent Fractions Multiplying Dividing Divide both the numerator and the denominator by the GCF • Multiply both the numerator and the denominator

  25. Simplest form is when the GCF is 1 (you can’t divide anymore) Write in simplest form 12 – 1 2 3 4 6 12 1) Find the GCF of 12 and 42 42 – 1 2 3 6 7 14 21 42 GCF = 6 2) Divide the numerator and denominator

  26. Examples Write each fraction in simplest form 1) 2) 12 – 1 2 3 4 6 12 14 – 1 2 7 14 28 – 1 2 4 7 14 28 22 – 1 2 11 22 GCF = 2 GCF = 14

  27. Finding the Least Common Denominator • Least Common Denominator (LCD) – The common denominator (or multiple) of two or more fractions. • The LCD is the same thing as the LCM but now used with fractions.

  28. Rewrite and as Fractions with the same denominator 1) Find the LCM of the denominator 4 – 4 8 12 16 20 6 – 6 12 LCM = 12 2) Use the LCM as the new denominator for each fraction 3) “What you do to the bottom, you do to the top” and

  29. Examples Use the LCD to write each set of fractions with the same denominator. 1) 2) 3) 9 – 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 20 – 20 40 60 30 - 30 LCM: 72 LCM: 60 LCM: 30

  30. 4-8: comparing and Ordering Fractions and Mixed Numbers IWBAT compare and order fractions and mixed numbers

  31. Vocabulary • Improper Fraction – A fraction where the numerator is larger than the denominator. They can be rewritten as mixed numbers. • Ex: • Mixed Number – A number that is made of a whole number and a fraction. • Ex: 1

  32. Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers Improper Fraction to Mixed Number Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions Multiply the whole number and the denominator. Add the numerator. The sum is the new numerator. Use the same denominator. • Divide the denominator into the numerator. • The quotient is the whole number. • The remainder is the new numerator. • The divisor is the new denominator

  33. Improper fraction to Mixed Number 1) 2) 3) MIXED NUMER TO IMPROPER FRACTION 3) 2) 1)

  34. Comparing Fractions • Compare whole numbers first. • Find the LCD for all fractions. • Compare or order from least to greatest. Compare. Write <, >, or =. 1) 2) 3) 3 LCD: 9 LCD: 20 LCD: 8

  35. Ordering Fractions • Rewrite all mixed numbers as improper fractions • Find the LCD for all fractions • Compare • Order from least to greatest • Rewrite using original fractions and mixed numbers • Place the fractions on a number line Arrange in order from least to greatest and place them on a number line. 1) LCD: 8

  36. EXAMPLES Arrange in order from least to greatest. 3) 1) 2) LCD: 56 LCD: 18 LCD: 16

  37. 4-9: Relating Fractions and Decimals IWBAT write fractions as decimals and decimals as fractions

  38. Converting Fractions and Decimals Fraction to Decimal Decimal to Fraction Place the decimal digits over the place value Rewrite in simplest form If there is a whole number, place the whole number in front of the fraction • Divide the numerator by the denominator • If there is a whole number, place the whole number in front of the decimal • If the decimal repeats, round to the nearest hundredths

  39. Examples Write each fraction as a decimal. 3) 2) 1) 0.67 4.15 0.75 Write each decimal as a fraction in simplest form. 1) 0.6 3) 5.11 2) 0.08 Hundredths place = 100 Tenths place = 10 Hundredths place = 100

  40. 4-10: Using Fractions and Decimals IWBAT use fractions and decimals to solve problems

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