Title: Imperial China Collapses Warm-Up:

1. Title: Imperial China Collapses Warm-Up: List five things that you can remember about studying China from Global History 9.

2. Dynastic Rule Ends in China • Dynastic rule in China for about 3,000 years • Qing dynasty chose to isolate China • Qing Dynasty in power since 1644 • Opium War and Open Door Policy allow foreign control of trade and economics • Chinese crave modernization • Kuomintang overthrows Qing emperor in 1911

3. Nationalism Rises in China • Kuomintang; Nationalist party led by: Sun Yixian Yuan Shikai Jiang Jieshi • 1911-Qing Dynasty overthrown • 1912-Sun becomes president of the Republic of China • 3 Principles of the People: • 1-End foreign control • 2-Rights- democracy • 3-Economic Stability • Loses Military support and Yuan Shikai takes power in 1916 • Yuan Shikai- leaves democratic ideals behind

4. Jiang Jieshi • Leader of the Kuomintang in 1925 • Promised democracy and political rights, but became less democratic and corrupt • Leads the nationalists in the Long March beginning in 1933 • Is supported by the US • Is an ineffective military leader

5. On May 4, 1919 over 3,000 angry Chinese students gathered in Beijing to protest the Treaty of Versailles Demonstrations spread to other cities throughout China Sun Yixian believes he can regain power, but Communist influence began to spread May Fourth Movement

6. Mao Zedong • Organizes a Chinese Communist Party in 1921 • Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution • Marxist ideas, but in a rural setting • Gains support of peasants by promising land • Is supported by the USSR • Strong Military leader • Organizes China into communes, “Great Leap Forward”, 5 Year plans, Cultural Revolution

7. Chinese Civil War • 1930-Civil War erupts between Nationalists (led by Jieshi) and Communists (led by Mao). • Red Army-Begins around 1927 as Mao’s army • Mao recruited peasants • Trained them in guerrilla warfare • Both sides fight Japan during World War I-interrupt the Long March

8. Long March • Begins in 1933 when Jiang’s army of 700,000 men begin to drive the Communist forces of 100,000 westward • Suspended when the Nationalists and Communists join to fight Japan when Japan invades Manchuria • March covers 6,000 miles • Thousands die or starve • Ultimately Communists gain more support of peasants and win as Jiang and his followers flee to Taiwan establishing Nationalist China. .

9. Chinese Civil War Activity Task: In your notebook, create a propaganda poster convincing fellow Chinese citizens to join the side in which you support; (the Nationalists or the Communists). Your poster must mention your side’s leader, two facts from the day’s lesson, and be colorful.

10. Directions: Copy the chart into your notebook and use the textbook (Chapter 30 Section 3), to determine the CAUSES and EFFECTS that the events had on China.

11. Title: Communists Take Power In China • Warm-Up: • List two facts about the Long March. • Who was the leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist) and who was the leader of the Communist Party? • What was the May 4th Movement?

12. The Great Leap • Mao’s plan to quickly improve agriculture by forming massive communes • 26,000 communes were created • Strictly controlled life of hard agricultural labor • Ate in communal dining, lived in dorms, raised children together • Led to famine between 1960-1961 – about 20 million people starve to death (Mao Zedong & The Great Leap Forward 2:45)

13. The Cultural Revolution • 10 year political campaign - rekindle revolutionary spirit and purifying communist party • Removes some communist leaders and names Mao the Supreme commander of the nation and army • Ideological cleansing as intellectuals and artists are targeted- executions and exiles • Red Guards close colleges and schools • “Lost generation” • Thousands are killed or imprisoned

14. The Red Guard • Militant young people (teens, early 20s) who leave school to form militia units • Carry out Mao’s “Cultural Revolution” • Force people to carry the Little Red Book • Encourage students to turn on teachers • Anyone with power was at risk of being terrorized (Mao’s Cultural Revolution & The Red Guard 1:30)

15. The Little Red Book • Published from 1964-1976 • A collection of Mao’s quotations • Contains themes such as • “Correcting Mistaken Ideas” • “All Revolutionaries are Paper Tigers” • Citizens had to carry the Little Red Book at all times

16. Cultural Revolution Posters Activity

17. Video: People’s CenturyThe Great Leap

18. Title: China: Reform and Reaction • Warm-Up: • Who was the supreme leader of China? • What kind of government does China have? • Write 2-3 sentences summing up how China progressed to present day.

19. Gang of Four • Jiang Qing (Mao’s 4th wife), Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wang Nongwen • Were radical leaders of the Cultural Revolution • When Mao died they are arrested and are either killed or imprisoned for treasonous crimes

20. Deng Xiaoping • By 1980 emerges as the leader of China • Decentralizes China’s economy and opens the country to foreign trade • Four Modernizations- : Brings overall modernization to China after years of stagnated development • Agriculture: eliminates communes, allows farmers to grow some crops and sell them for profit- food production increases • Industry: allows some private businesses • National Defense: Modernizes and improves • Science & Technology: Welcomes foreign technology and investment • The Tiananmen Square massacre occurs under his rule

21. Tiananmen Square • Tiananmen Square is in Beijing • 1989-students gather to demand democratic reforms • Thousands go on a hunger strike • June 4, 1989-Xiaoping declares martial law-tanks are sent in, open gunfire- hundreds are killed and thousands are wounded • Shows that Human Rights violations are a continuing issue in China despite reforms.

22. Modern Leaders Jiang Zemin HuJintao Becomes president in 2002 Has been a little more open to reforms than previous leaders Says he is interested in improving the lives of the “ordinary people” of China • Comes to power in 1997 • Was seen as practical and flexible, but a weak military leader • US pressures China to improve human rights, free political prisoners, but China remains hostile • Resigns in late 2002

23. Hong Kong • Hong Kong was a British colony for 155 years as a result of the Opium War and the Treaty of Nanking • In 1997, Britain returns Hong Kong to China • China promises to respect Hong Kong’s current policies, but Hong Kong is concerned • China has tightened its control of Hong Kong

24. Global Issues & China • Population Issues: • About 1.3 billion people in China today • Predicted to grow to 1.6 billion by 2043 • Most live in the Eastern part of the country where land is farmable (close to rivers) • Has implemented a “one child policy” • Rumors of forced abortions, discarded baby girls (Human Rights Violation) • Ratio of children: boys to girls (117:100) • Harder to enforce in rural areas • Consequences could include losing employment, paying more money for social programs • Censorship: • Early 2010-Google pulled out of China due to the government’s instance on internet censorship • Other forms of censorship and state glorification continue in China

25. Global Issues & China (Big Box Mart 2:25) • Outsourcing/Globalization: • Outsourcing-Sending jobs from one nation to another to decrease costs for the business either through manufacturing costs, wages, taxes, etc.) • Globalization-Inter-consecutiveness of the world’s nations through economic, social, and political means. Idea merges theories of cultural diffusion with interdependence.

26. Global Issues & China • Pollution/Climate Change: • Definition-Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere • How-Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced. It can occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities. • Why is this a problem? • Human health can be affected directly and indirectly by climate change in part through extreme periods of heat and cold, storms, and climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria, and smog episodes. • Animal habitats and food sources are in danger • Rising sea levels and melting glaciers • What is China’s role? • Increased pollution due to lack of regulations in many Chinese industrial centers has decreased air and water quality. • China accounts for 20% of all greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere.

27. The Green Revolution & China • Definition- Movement in the late 1960s early 1970s to increase crop yields and avoid famines due to poor agricultural production. • How? Technology was utilized to create better seeds that would increase the amount per harvest, be more resistant to disease, require less fertilizer and sunlight, and be able to adopt to various soil compositions. • Why is this important? The worlds poorer nations and regions were suffering from poor crop harvests thus triggering famines and political instability. It was also viewed as a humanitarian issue.

28. Directions:Write down 15-20 facts from the video in your notebook.

29. Date____ Page____Title: War In Korea and Vietnam • Warm-Up: • Where are Korea & Vietnam located? • What do you know about the Korean or Vietnam Wars? • Do you know anyone who fought in these wars?

30. Korea Vietnam

31. North Korea: • Soviet style communist government • Industrial • USSR supplies weaponry to attack South Korea • Kim Il Sung established collective farms & heavy industry • Kim Jung Il-develops nuclear weapons (huge current issue!) • Faces serious economic problems

32. South Korea • Non-communist (supported by Western powers) • US steps in to control spread of communism (containment) • UN (United Nations) steps in and defends South Korea • After Korean War-South Korea prospers • Rules by dictators until 1987, democratic constitution established after • US still supports South Korea President Roh Moo-hyun

33. (The Korean War 5:54) North Korea 38th Parallel South Korea

34. The Vietnam War (1959-1975)

35. China The Vietnam War North Vietnam Laos Outcome: Thailand South Vietnam Cambodia

36. North Vietnam • Ho Chi Minh-Communist leader-helps drive France & Japan out of Vietnam. • Hit & run tactics • Government supported by USSR

37. South Vietnam • Ngo Dinh Diem-Anti-communist government-set up by US & France; rules as dictator. • Opposition to this puppet government (internal resistance) • Vietcong (North Vietnam Forces) assassinate Diem in 1963 • US increases presence to prevent communist takeover, and met with guerilla war tactics

38. Vietnam War Outcome: • Nixon’s Vietnamization- gradually pull US troops out of Vietnam • 1975-North Vietnam takes over South Vietnam • 1.5 million Vietnamese dead • 58,000 US troops died • 1.5 million Vietnamese flee Vietnam • 1995-US & Vietnam normalized relations • Only one Vietnam…no North and South…one Vietnam united under Communism

39. Title: Cambodia Warm-Up: How many Koreas are there? How many Vietnams are there? List three facts about the Korean War. List three facts about the Vietnam War.

40. Problems in Cambodia • 1975: Communist rebels- Khmer Rouge – set up a communist regime- brutal, violent • Leader: Pol Pot • Goal: transform Cambodia into a rural agrarian society • How: relocates people- forceful marches out of cities to the country side • 2 million people are slaughtered during the “transformation” to “Year Zero” • 1978- Vietnam invades and overthrows the Khmer Rouge- a less repressive government is installed

42. The enormity of what Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge party did in the latter half of the 1970s defies hyperbole. The only word for it: genocide. The death toll: certainly more than a million, perhaps twice that amount. Among the first evidence of the horror, this "killing field" was uncovered in 1980. The Legacy of Pol Pot

43. One of the purveyors of massacre was the Khmer Rouge secret police, which turned this Phnom Penh high school into its headquarters, renamed S-21. Thousands were tortured and executed in former classrooms.

44. The school has now been refashioned into the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide. Thousands of pictures of Khmer Rouge victims hang on its walls: men, women and children -- including this unidentified girl and the people in the photos that follow -- who were duly photographed, then tortured and killed.

45. The name Khmer Rouge, which means "Red Khmers," was given to a left-wing Cambodian faction in the 1950s. Led by Pol Pot, it gained control of Cambodia in 1975. And then began one of the century's greatest massacres

46. Pol Pot declared "Year Zero" and began a radical program to create an idealized agrarian communist society. He crushed social institutions such as banking and religion and emptied cities of their inhabitants

47. Intellectuals and anyone else seen as standing in the way of the new social order were mercilessly killed, while many of those who escaped execution died from overwork and starvation

48. The Khmer Rouge was ousted from power by a Vietnamese invasion in 1979. But it had already caused the deaths of between 1.5 million and 2 million people, according to Western estimates. Many victims, such as this unknown woman, may never be identified.

49. Tou Sleng prison in Phnom Penh, CambodiaIt is now a museum that recounts the brutal rule of the Khmer Rouge. A self portrait of Vann Nath in a tiny cell in the prison.

50. Guards took babies and young children from their mothers.