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Learn how banks turn deposits into profits, create money through loans, and impact the economy. Discover reserve requirements, excess reserves, and the magic of monetary growth in this interactive session.
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Magic Trick • Would you believe me if I told you I can take these $10 and turn them into over $34 without: • Printing any new money • Receiving any new money
Deposits • Ex: Check/savings deposit, Certificate of Deposit (CD), etc • When a deposit is made into a bank, the bank is required to keep a % of the deposit in reserve • What are reserves? • Known as the reserve requirement (%) • The remaining amount, excess reserves, is free for the bank to use as it pleases • Give it out as a loan • Buy government bonds • Pay expenses
Loans • Excess reserve money given to borrowers • Bank earns interest on loans to make a profit
Monetary Growth • Banking (loans & deposits) can cause the supply of money to increase • “Creates” more money for people to use • How? • Simulation – 2 volunteers • Banker • Bank customer
Results of Monetary Growth • How do banks benefit from monetary growth? • More money = more loans = more interest = more profit • How do people benefit from monetary growth? • More money available to buy houses, cars, boats, computers, etc. • Amount of monetary growth depends on the reserve requirement percentage • Lower percentage = more money creation
Quick Review • What do we call the amount of a deposit that is required to go into reserves? • What do we call the leftover amount that is not put into reserve? • How do banks use excess reserves to make a profit? • How does banking (loans & deposits) impact the supply of money? • How does the reserve requirement impact monetary growth? Reserve requirement Excess reserves Offer loans which earn interest Makes it grow Higher requirement = small growth Low requirement = large growth