1 / 10

Chapter 90

Chapter 90. Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs: Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Daptomycin, Rifampin, Bacitracin, and Polymyxins. Fluoroquinolones. Broad-spectrum agents with multiple applications Disrupt DNA replication and cell division All can be administered orally or IV

gerik
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 90

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 90 Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs: Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Daptomycin, Rifampin, Bacitracin, and Polymyxins

  2. Fluoroquinolones • Broad-spectrum agents with multiple applications • Disrupt DNA replication and cell division • All can be administered orally or IV • Side effects generally mild but can cause tendon rupture (low risk) • Usually affects Achilles tendon • Avoid in patients younger than 18 years of age

  3. Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) • Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) • Broad-spectrum antibiotic (gram-negative and some gram-positive) • Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II • Uses: multiple systems • Drug of choice for anthrax • Infections: respiratory, UTI, GI, bones, joints, skin, and soft tissue

  4. Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) • Adverse effects • Mild • GI – nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain • CNS – dizziness, headache, restlessness, confusion, rarely seizures • Candida infections – pharynx and vagina • Elderly patients • Confusion, somnolence, psychosis, visual disturbances

  5. Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) • Drug and food interactions • Cationic compounds • Absorption reduced by: • Aluminum antacids • Magnesium antacids • Iron salts • Zinc salts • Sucralfate • Milk and dairy products • Elevation of drug levels

  6. Other Fluoroquinolones • Ofloxacin • Lomefloxacin • Sparfloxacin • Moxifloxacin • Norfloxacin • Levofloxacin • Gemifloxacin

  7. Metronidazole (Flagyl) • Bactericidal • Uses • Protozoal infections • Infections caused by obligate anaerobes • Helicobacter pylori • Adverse effects • Neurotoxicity • Allergy • Superinfections

  8. Daptomycin (Cubicin) • Cyclic lipopeptide (new class) • Kills virtually all gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA • No significant drug interactions • Adverse effects – possible muscle injury • Given only once daily IV – no lab needed

  9. Additional Antibacterial Drugs • Rifampin • Broad-spectrum antibacterial used primarily for TB • Also used for some meningitis – not monotherapy • Rifaximin • PO non-absorbable form of rifampin used for traveler’s diarrhea • Nausea, flatulence, and defecation urgency

  10. Additional Antibacterial Drugs • Bacitracin • Almost always used topically for bacterial infections • Systemic can cause serious toxicity • Polymyxin B • Topical treatment for ears, eyes, and skin • Skin treatment usually in combination • Not used for systemic infections (because of toxicity risk)

More Related