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Industrialization in the United States. The Rise of Industry in the United States (1860s-1900s). “The Rise of Industry”. After the Civil War (1865) the U.S. economy was based on agriculture… By 1920, the U.S. was the leading industrial power in the world!
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Industrialization in the United States The Rise of Industry in the United States (1860s-1900s)
“The Rise of Industry” • After the Civil War (1865) the U.S. economy was based on agriculture… • By 1920, the U.S. was the leading industrial power in the world! • Enormous growth was due to 3 factors… • Natural Resources • New Inventions, Technology • Support from the GOVT
An Abundance of Natural Resources • MAIN IDEA: Natural resources and a large labor force allowed the United States to industrialize rapidly.
Why is it important that these resources were IN the United Sates?
Drake Discovers “BLACK GOLD” • 1859, Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for crude oil (petroleum) • This breakthrough started an oil boom in the Midwest and later Southwest… • At first the process was limited to transforming the oil into kerosene and throwing out the gasoline – a by-product of the process…
Iron just wasn’t cutting it… • Henry Bessemer started playing around with military technology… • Developed the Bessemer Process!
BESSEMER STEEL PROCESS • When you remove the carbon from iron, the result is a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant compound… Steel! • Bessemer process
Importance of Bessemer • Decreased cost • Increased speed and ease of production… • Mass production • Expanded the market for Steel… • Allowed for larger and more powerful machines…
NEW USES FOR STEEL • The railroads, with thousands of miles of track, were the biggest customers for steel… • Barbed wire, farm equipment, bridge construction, and the first skyscrapers. Brooklyn Bridge, 1888 – 1,595 ft.
New Inventions and the Development of Technology • MAIN IDEA: New inventions spurred economic and industrial development.
THE TYPEWRITER • Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1867… • His invention forever affected office work and paperwork… • WHO did it effect the most? • 1870: _________ 5% of workforce… • 1910: ______40% of workforce…
THE TELEPHONE • 1876, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson unveiled the telephone… • 1877, Bell Telephone Company = American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)
Free Enterprise Allowed for Massive Economic Growth • MAIN IDEA: Laissez-faire economics promoted industrialization and tariffs protected American companies from foreign competition.
“Laissez-faire” Economics • Following the Civil War, the government took a “hands-off” approach (for the most part) to business throughout the country. • Laissez-faire • There were barely any Economic regulations AND Social regulations (for the most part) on corporations throughout the country. • Left to state governments
“Laissez-faire” Economics and Protectionism • On top of a Laissez-faire approach to the economy, the Republican dominated Federal Government practiced protectionism… • Morrill Tariff, 1861 • Are tariffs good or bad? Why? Explain. • North v. South • Republican v. Democrat