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Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Early Beginnings. 1400 BCE Hebrews move into Palestine (modern-day Israel) They were shepherds from Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) searching for water Kings David and Solomon were very successful

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Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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  1. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

  2. Early Beginnings • 1400 BCE Hebrews move into Palestine (modern-day Israel) • They were shepherds from Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) searching for water • Kings David and Solomon were very successful • Hebrews and Jews were eventually attacked and scattered across the world

  3. Diaspora- the movement or migration of people from their ancestral homeland

  4. Hebrews + God • 1st to believe in one god (monotheism) • Others continued to believe in many gods (polytheism) • Yahweh was the name given to God

  5. Abraham • Founder of monotheism • Had a wife – Sarah, God promised them child • Sarah was too old to have a child so she told him to have a child w/ Hagar, their servant • Abraham had two sons- Ishmael w/ Hagar and Isaac w/ Sarah

  6. Abraham’s family tree

  7. Isaac and Ishmael • God promised Abraham and his family all the land between the Nile and the Euphrates Rivers • Arabs claim their ancestry to Ishmael • Jews claim their ancestry to Isaac • This is one of the reasons for the Arab – Israeli conflict

  8. Moses • 10 Commandments • Covenant with God • A strict God who demands obedience • God as father, protector of his family • The dignity of man as opposed to slaves of God • These were new concepts

  9. Terms • Torah – the old testament, Holy Book of the Jews • Rabbi – religious teacher • Talmud – interpretations of the Torah, writings on the Torah

  10. Christianity + Jesus • Jesus was born a Jew in Bethlehem • Crucified by the Romans, considered a threat to Rome, a dissident • Preached about God’s love for the world and the need for people to love one another

  11. Christians, unlike Jews and Muslims, believe Jesus was the son of God.

  12. Terms • Bible – holy book of Christians, includes Old and New Testament • Denomination – different kinds of Christians (i.e. Lutheran, Catholic, Pentecostal)

  13. Islam Submission to God

  14. Muslim- One who submits to God

  15. Muhammad – founder of Islam • In 622 Muhammad was driven from Mecca, he fled to Medina • In Medina he was accepted as a prophet, (a messenger from God) • He eventually returned to Mecca and took over the Kabaa • Within 100 yrs. Islam had spread through Arabia

  16. Koran • Main religious text • Recorded the word of Allah as told to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel • 114 Chapters • Topics include ethics, history, theology, and code of conduct

  17. 5 Pillars of Islam

  18. Salat • Pray five times a day in the direction of Mecca

  19. Shahada • Repeat everyday in Arabic, “there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet.”

  20. Zakat • Give charity to the needy

  21. Hajj • At least once in a lifetime a Muslim must visit Mecca

  22. Bukhari • Fast during the Holy month of Ramadan

  23. Islam emphasizes • Kindness and forgiveness • Brotherhood • Charity • Protection of the weak • Devotion to God

  24. Relationship to others… • Jews + Christians are “people of the book” • Moses and Jesus are honored as prophets • Muslims believe theirs is the only true religion

  25. Sunnis and Shi’ites • 85% Sunni 15% Shiite • Split was caused by a disagreement about who the caliph should be Caliph- successor to Muhammad Sunni – follow advisors and those highly qualified and trained in the ways of the Koran Shiite – follow blood line of Muhammad, (believe his message is passed down to his descendents, the imam)

  26. Jihad • As with any idea in religion the idea of jihad is open to interpretation • “Holy struggle” is a more correct translation than “holy war” • This could be interpreted as an inner-struggle to be a better Muslim • Known as the “Greater Jihad”, struggle against inner selfishness • Also could have a violent interpretation as well – war against non-Muslims • Those who die in jihad against non-believers are assured paradise

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