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_____________ __ _____. What is Matter?. Matter occupies space and has mass. Two General Properties of Matter. Mass -is a measurement of the quantity of matter in an object. Weight -gravitational force exerted on an object. States of Matter.

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  1. _____________ __ _____

  2. What is Matter? Matter occupies space and has mass.

  3. Two General Properties of Matter Mass-is a measurement of the quantity of matter in an object. Weight-gravitational force exerted on an object

  4. States of Matter • Solid-has a definite shape and a definite volume • Liquid-has a definite volume and no definite shape • Gas-has no definite shape and no definite volume

  5. States of Matter cont’d Plasma-most common state of matter in the universe which consists of positive and negative charged particles found in the Sun.

  6. Kinetic Theory is an explanation of how particles behave in matter. • All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules and ions). • These particles are in constant, random motion. • These particles are colliding with each other and the walls of the container.

  7. Three Types of Matter • Solid-the particles are packed together tightly and are constantly vibrating in place. Ex. ice cube

  8. Three Types of Matter cont’d • Liquid-the particles are moving more freely than the particles in a solid. Particles can move and slide past one another.

  9. Three Types of Matter cont’d • Gas-the particles are far apart or contract to fill the container that they are in and particles can move past one another

  10. Properties of Matter • Physicalproperty-characteristic of a material that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the substances that makeup the material Examples of other physical properties are color, shape, size, boiling point, density, viscosity, and melting point.

  11. Properties of Matter cont’d • Physicalchange- a change in size, shape, or state of matter. For example, if you break a glass, what physical changes are taking place? • Chemical property-a characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change.

  12. Properties of Matter cont’d • Ex. Flammable-lighter fluids, reaction to light-medicines, combustible or burnable-wood • Chemical change-a change of one substance to another substance Examples: burning wood, rust on a bike or car fender, sour milk, the smell of rotten eggs, Alka-seltzer and water

  13. Four Basic Categories of Matter • Elements [C, O, H, and N] • Compounds • Mixtures • Solutions

  14. ELEMENTS When only 1 substance makes-up an object, it is a pure substance. (It is uniform throughout). Elementsare pure substances and they can not be chemically altered into smaller substances. ex. He The smallest unit of an element that still possesses the properties of the element is anATOM.

  15. COMPOUNDS Pure substances that contain more than one element are called compounds. For example, CO2,BaCl, H2 O2 are all compounds that contain more than one element.

  16. Compounds cont’d Sodium [Na] is a metal that is explosive near water. Chlorine [Cl] is a green, poisonous gas. However, these two elements together are used daily by us in our food. Ex. The formula for salt is NaCl. The properties of the compound are different than if the elements were separate.

  17. A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together chemically. Ex. Water (H-H-O) or Salt (Na-Cl). Compounds are two chemically bonded elements made up of molecules. O H H

  18. Mixture(s) A solid or liquid that consists of two or more substances mixed together, but are not chemically combined or bonded. Examples: concrete, Seawater, a bag full of differentcolorsmarbles.

  19. Heterogeneous Mixture:a mixture that does not appear the same throughout. [the individual substances are visible]. Ex. soil, Raisin Bran, Chicken Noodle Soup, flat soft drink Homogeneous Mixture: a mixture that appears uniform throughout. [well mixed]. Ex. an unopened Cold soft drink, vinegar and rubbing alcohol Two Types of Mixtures

  20. Homogeneous Mixture: A Special Type Solutions:one substance dissolved into another. These substances cannot be seen and they are tough to separate. Some examples: Powdered Tea, Lemonade, Hot Chocolate, and Gold.

  21. Colloids A type of mixture that never settles is a colloid. Colloid particles are large, but not heavy enough to settle. Examples are as follows: milk, fog [water droplets suspended in air], and smoke [contains solids suspended in air].

  22. Some types of matter have identical properties throughout an object. This is called homogeneousmixture. Examples include water, salt and sugar.

  23. Other types of matter have different properties at different parts throughout an object. This is example of a heterogeneous mixture. Examples include: granite rock, Snickers, Ocean Water, Salad Dressing, Nestle Crunch.

  24. Density the mass per unit volume of a substance The density equation is as follows: D = m ÷ v Density= mass/volume The density of a liquid or solid is usually reported in units of grams per cubic centimeter [g/cm3].

  25. Use this formula when solving for mass: Your final answer should be in grams. M = DV Use this formula When solving for volume: Your final answer should be in cm3. V = m/D Density cont’d

  26. Comparison of the density of two objects One way to compare the density of two objects of the same size is to hold one in each hand. The lighter one is less dense; and heavier one is more dense. • Which one is less dense? the brick or the sponge • Which one is more dense? the brick or the sponge • Which one is less dense? a wood block or a steel block

  27. Comparison of the density of two objects cont’d An object will float if its density is less than the density of the fluid it is placed in.

  28. Density Problems • A piece of tin has a mass of 16.52 g and a volume of 2.26 cm3. What is the density? • What is the volume of 325 g of metal with a density of 9.0 g/cm3? • What is the mass of an object that has a density of 8 g/cm3 and a volume of 64 cm3?

  29. Density cont’d • A piece of metal has a volume of 6.7 cm3 and a mass of 75.7 g. Find the density. • The density of a piece of brass is 8.4 g/cm3. If it mass is 510 g, find its volume.

  30. Viscosity Viscosity is a fluid’s resistance to flow. For example, when you take syrup out of the refrigerator and pour it out, the flow of syrup is slow. However, if the syrup is heated, it flows much faster. Then the syrup would have a low viscosity. So cold syrup has a high viscosity because it flows slowly.

  31. Viscosity List the following items from the least viscous to the most viscous: Water, Jell-O, honey, and syrup

  32. Buoyancy is the ability of a fluid—a liquid or gas—to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it. e.g. life boat and Tug boat

  33. Buoyancy cont’d A ship floats because although it is made of steel, which is more dense than water, it encloses a volume of air and the resulting shape has an average density less than that of the water. If the weight of the object is less than this displaced quantity, the object floats; if more, it sinks.

  34. Review for Test • Physical and Chemical Properties • Physical and Chemical Changes • Density • Viscosity • Buoyant forces • Kinetic Theory

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