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Summary

Summary. The practical implication of screening candidate patients is feasible by examining the GNB3 C1594T allele before the onset of high blood pressures. We suspect that the GNB3 gene could form or contribute to the arterial network. Objectives (I).

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Summary

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  1. Summary • The practical implication of screening candidate patients is feasible by examining the GNB3 C1594T allele before the onset of high blood pressures. • We suspect that the GNB3 gene could form or contribute to the arterial network.

  2. Objectives (I) • To evaluate whether genetic factors contribute to essential hypertension. • To investigate the association between G-protein beta3 polymorphism, an average of five retinal arterial bifurcation angles, and essential hypertension.

  3. Objectives (II) • To examine the relationship between the GNB3 C1594T allele and blood pressure among gender and age group in the Korean population. • The practical implication of screening candidate patients before the onset of high blood pressure is examined in the study.

  4. Background (I) • The narrowing angles of retinal arterial bifurcation are associated with increased circulatory energy cast. • It may be related to lower than normal micro-vascular density. Abnormalities of cardiovascular structure are frequently seen in hypertension and that abnormality may precede the onset of high blood pressure.

  5. Background (II) • A C1594T polymorphism of the gene encoding G protein beta3 sub-unit contributes to the genesis of essential hypertension. • The link between the gene and blood pressure is not consistently found in different populations.

  6. Method (I) • The C1594T polymorphism was diagnosed by restriction of the PCR amplicon by Bse DI (MBI Fermentas), with oligonucleotide primers 5'-TGATCCCTGACCCACTTGCCACCCGTGC-3' (sense) & 5'-GAGGAAGCAGCAGCCAGGGCTGGCCC-3' (antisense), resulting in 2 fragments of 192 and 107 bp for the C allele and in an unrestricted fragment of 299 bp for the T allele.

  7. Method (II) • An Analysis of Variance model was adopted to find the relationship between blood pressures and a candidate gene GNB3 genotypes (CC,CT,TT). • An Analysis of Variance model was fitted to average retinal bifurcation angle with GNB3 in a sample of 245 Korean individuals.

  8. Method (III) • The retinal vascular geometry was tested using F statistics in the GNB3. • The retinal vascular geometry was tested to systolic and diastolic blood pressures with GNB3 as Analysis of Covariance model.

  9. Method (IV) • Other characteristics (age, gender, BMI, total cholesterol level, TG) were consider as covariates in ANOVA and ANCOVA models.

  10. Proportion of GNB3 in Korean Population TT CC CT

  11. Relationship between Blood Pressure and GNB3

  12. Relationship between Average of Retinal Arterial Bifurcation Angles and GNB3

  13. Exon 10 GNB3c GNB3d GNB3c (Sense) 5’-TGATCCCTGACCCACTTGCCACCCGTGC-3’ GNB3d (Antisense) 5’-GAGGAAGCAGCAGCCAGGGCTGGCCC-3’ CC CT TT (bp) 299 192 107 Primer Locations of Human Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein (GNB3) for PCR Resulting BseD I fragments for C1594T SNP of GNB3 from the PCR products using primers GNB3c and GNB3d

  14. Example of Result from Restriction Enzyme Treatment 300Kb 200Kb 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 M Restriction Enzyme : BseDI, 37°C for 1 hour

  15. Pictures of Retinal Arterial Bifurcation Measurement

  16. Conclusion (I) • CT and TT of gene G-protein beta 3-C1594T genotypes have significant higher blood pressures than CC of genotype. • A larger retinal arterial bifurcation angles in CC of GNB3 genotype. • The retinal vascular network asymmetry was detected in CT and TT of GNB 3 genotypes.

  17. Conclusion (II) • No relationship was found between blood pressures and average of five retinal arterial bifurcation angles. • The demographic and biological characteristics of Korean individuals were not significantly related with blood pressures and GNB3 gene.

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