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Peacekeeping

Peacekeeping. And Canada’s Role. 1940s. Canada played a special role as a ‘peacekeeper’ To prevent outbreak of war To bring an end to hostilities To help ease tensions in potentially explosive situations. Next Cold War crisis. June 1950 1945 Japan lost Korea

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Peacekeeping

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  1. Peacekeeping And Canada’s Role

  2. 1940s • Canada played a special role as a ‘peacekeeper’ • To prevent outbreak of war • To bring an end to hostilities • To help ease tensions in potentially explosive situations

  3. Next Cold War crisis... • June 1950 • 1945 Japan lost Korea • Korea divided along the 38th parallel • USA > south of the line • USSR > north of the line • 2 Korean governments became rivals – each claimed right to rule the whole country

  4. June 25, 1950 • North Korea invaded South Korea • U.N. Resolution – U.N. Force of 16 countries under General Douglas MacArthur (USA) arrive in South Korea

  5. August 1950 • North Koreans controlled most of the South

  6. September 1950 • Allies landed at Inchon and North Koreans beaten back • UN Forces approached Chinese border • Communist China tells the UN Forces to back off • UN Forces led by MacArthur (American) say ‘NO’ • Chinese forces intervene and UN forces routed • General MacArthur is dismissed • General Ridgeway held line near Seoul • “STALEMATE”

  7. June 23, 1951 • USSR proposed cease fire

  8. July 1951 • Truce talks started • Talks breakdown and fighting resumes • New American President Dwight Eisenhower pledges to end the war

  9. December 952 • Eisenhower visits Korea

  10. April 1953 • Truce talks resume • Success thwarted by South Korea’s President Syngman Rhee, insisting on Korea’s reunification • Fighting continues

  11. July 1953 • Armistice signed • USSR and USA had avoided world-wide conflict • 3 million casualties • 22,000 Canadians particiapted • More than 1,000 wounded • More than 300 killed

  12. 1956 Suez Canal • Egypt, under President GamalAbdal Nasser, seized Suez Canal from British and French control • Viewed as a threat to vital water link to the East by French and British • Britain, France and Israel attacked Egypt to recover Suez Canal • International uproar • Soviet Union made threats

  13. Lester B. Pearson • President of the United Nations Security Council and also Canada’s Minister for External Affairs • Decided that UN could take action to defuse situation • Proposed that ceasefire be arranged in the area • Collection of troops, drawn from several member nations, would take up positions between warring parties • Solution was accepted by all parties and ‘blue-helmeted’ soldiers in battle zone • Pearson’s suggestion set the precedent on which UN’s Peacekeeping force would act • 1957 Pearson awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

  14. Canadians peacekeepers have been involved in every UN peacekeeping operation since the inception of UN peacekeeping in 1956 • i.e. Cyprus, Kashmir, Congo, Iran, Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia, Kuwait • 1993-1996 used in Rwanda to protect the city of Rigali • Brought food and medical supplies to the starving Rwandans

  15. Current UN Peacekeeping Missions

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