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Natura 2000 in the Netherlands

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Natura 2000 in the Netherlands

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    1. Natura 2000 in the Netherlands John Janssen Alterra, Wageningen (NL)

    2. The Netherlands Atlantic biogeographic region Estuary of Rhine and Maas Large diversity of habitats High population density Landscapes: Marine area Coast Large lakes Low marshlands Riverine area Sand ridges (glacial, rivers) Calcareous hills

    3. Natura 2000 habitats and species 52 habitat types Annex I 36 species Annex II 95 birds Annex I (breeding & migrating)

    4. Natura 2000 habitats and species Lithuania: also 52 habitat types

    5. Marine area Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)

    6. Coastal area

    7. Coastal area

    8. Coastal area

    9. Large lakes Cygnus bewickii

    10. Lowland marshes

    11. Lowland marshes (endemic subspecies) Microtus oeconomus arenicola Lycaena dispar batava

    12. Rivers

    13. Rivers

    14. Glacial hills: heathland

    15. Glacial hills: “Atlantic deserts”

    16. Bogs

    17. Calcareous hills

    18. Calcareous hills

    19. Nature conservation Nature Conservation Organisations (NCO’s) State Forest Department 1899 National Private NGO (Natuurmonumenten) 1905 Provincial Private NGO’s (12) 1950-1960 Private nature areas Farmland Own & manage nature reserves Management activities in nature areas (finances by government, members & sponsoring) Traditional farming: hay making, sod cutting, burning Semi-natural grazing (extensively) Guarding (birds) Doing nothing ? very rare ! (forests, marine areas) Large restoration projects

    20. Natura 2000: current status Selection of sites Natura 2000 database National legislation Conservation goals (July 2005) ? Formal assignment (2005, 2006) Management plans (2006 …) Monitoring + reporting (2007 …)

    21. Designation process 1992: Habitat Directive 1996: 27 sites HD (282,000 ha) 1998: 89 sites HD ? all larger than 250 ha 1999: Atlantic Seminar I (Kilkee, Ireland) ? insufficient (ETC) * also sites smaller than 250 ha * some habitats/species: too little cover (20-80 %) 2001: Atlantic Seminar II (The Hague, NL) ? still insufficient 2003: 141 sites HD (many smaller added) May 2003: sufficient ? “first of the snails” (marine sites have to be selected later) Sept 2003: database Natura 2000 Bird Directory: 81, sufficient

    22. Sites

    23. Selection of sites Selection criteria: Best 5 sites for each habitat/species (quality and/or quantity) Best 10 sites for priority habitat/species Broad (ecologically varied) habitats: subtypes (alliances) Best 3 sites for each subtype Best 5 sites for priority subtypes Transboundary sites (Germany, Belgium) Widespread species/habitats: no sites (protected within selected sites): Rhodeus sericeus, Cobitis taenia, 3270 Boundaries: Location of habitats, habitat of species Landscape ecological units / Administrative boundaries Sometimes: smaller subunits (isolated patches) Towns, large agricultural areas excluded

    24. Boundaries

    25. Natura 2000 database Best expert judgement In some cases based on hard data No basis for monitoring !!!

    26. Conservation status Habitat Directive aims at Favourable Conservation Status

    27. Conservation status Not all species in favourable conservation status Conservation status is scored at a national level Scored all aspects, based on historical data/trends

    28. Conservation status

    29. Conservation goals: national level Conservation status + EU-importance ? national goal favourable ? goal: conservation of present status unfavourable ? goals which are in correspondence with a favourable conservation status: larger area, better quality, larger population, better structure & function, etc… Reference is based on historical data (circa 1950-1990) or on models (viable population, …) … has to be worked out in detail

    30. Conservation goals: national level Example: 6120* Xeric sand, calcareous grassland

    31. Conservation goals: national level

    32. Conservation goals: national level

    33. Conservation goals: site level

    34. Conservation goals: site level

    35. Fritillaria meleagris

    36. Fritillaria meleagris

    37. Conservation goals: site level

    38. Management plans

    39. Monitoring HABITATS Define favourable conservation status: Range: number of grids Area Typical species frequency in releves distribution grids Structure & function * 85 % of the sites in good condition

    40. Monitoring HABITATS range: distribution grids (whole country) area: vegetation mapping (site level) typical species from releves (within habitat types) national distribution grids (whole country) structure & function: vegetation structure (from vegetation maps) indicative value of species composition (releves & permanent plots) measure of abiotic values (few locations) measure of abiotic values (national level)

    41. Monitoring HABITATS Not for all habitat types the same Parameters Method Frequency of monitoring

    42. Data sources SynBioSys NL(Alterra) ? 400.000 vegetation releves Range Quality (typical species; indicative value) Species distribution (NGOs) Vegetation maps, releves, Permanent plots (Nature Conservation Organisations) Advantage: many data Problem: many different organisations involved, different methods, different aims,…

    43. Data sources Little known about some little species…

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