1 / 50

Swine diseases

Swine diseases . Coccidiosis. confinement rearing and continuous farrowing Isospora suis (most common) Eimeria carrier sows – source of oocyts piglets 5 days old to weaning. Coccidiosis. Clinical signs yellow to clear, pasty to watery diarrhea (7-10 days) Dehydration

gianna
Télécharger la présentation

Swine diseases

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Swine diseases

  2. Coccidiosis • confinement rearing and continuous farrowing • Isosporasuis(most common) Eimeria • carrier sows – source of oocyts • piglets 5 days old to weaning

  3. Coccidiosis • Clinical signs • yellow to clear, pasty to watery diarrhea (7-10 days) • Dehydration • rough hair coat • failure to gain weight • no blood • acidic feces (in contrast to E. coli) • Dehydration • Morbidity is high • but mortality is • variable, often moderate

  4. Coccidiosis cont... • Diagnosis • Diarrheas in pigs <7days old are not Isospora! • Necropsy - fibrinonecrotic enteritis • Histopathology - oocysts, merozoites • Fecal flotation can be falsely negative • Treatment • Adding coccidiostats to feed is ILLEGAL • amprolium to piglets • Control - disinfection of farrowing area: • Strong bleach or ammonium compounds • Between farrowings, steam cleaning • Installation of perforated metal or plastic flooring in the crates will be beneficial in the control of coccidiosis

  5. Coccidiosis lower jejunum and ileum.

  6. Rota virus • Reovirus • Almost all pigs are infected: species specific • Diarrhea in nursing and postweaned pigs • Diarrhea appears, usually white to yellow in color • moderate dehydration • Vomiting occurs but is not a major clinical sign • Morbidity is variable but mortality usually is low or none when good housing and husbandry is present.

  7. Rota virus • Diagnosis - difficult • Necropsy-thin walled small intestine • Histopathology • Flourescent antibody test • Electron microscopy

  8. Rota virus cont... • Treatment • Dextrose and fluids • Antimicrobials for concurrent infections • E. coli • Isospora • Control • Rotaviruses are very stable in the environment: formaldehyde and chlorine-based disinfectants including chlorox • Wean pigs on good nutritional diet • MLV vaccine at 7 and 21 days (in water) and also for dams

  9. Dont forget Salmonella • Salmonella typhimurium • Salmonella cholerasuis • Fibrinonecrotic enteritis or colitis at necropsy • Rectal strictures • Culture of organism

  10. Swine dysentery • Brachyspira hyodysenteriae: Gram-negative, anaerobic spirochete • Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli (similar but less severe c.s.) • Grower / finishers (not in < 3 weeks) • Mortality can be up to 30% • lagoon water: two months, moist feces: two months, soil: 18 days • Transmission: fecal-oral and fomites, rats, birds

  11. Swine dysentery • Clinical signs • diarrhea : with gray to yellow, mucoid feces • watery, bloody, mucoid • most recover in 2 weeks but 50% may die • Dehydrated: sunken eyes, marked weakness, hollow flanks and weight loss • Large intestine/cecum SD is a severe disease affecting the colon (large intestine) of pigs causing diarrhoea, frequently mixed with mucus and blood, which can lead to death.

  12. Swine dysentery

  13. Swine dysentery cont... • Diagnosis • Necropsy - mucohemorrhagiccolitis • histopathology • Spiral shaped organism on dark field microscopy • Culture is definitive • Treatment • carbadox, lincomycin (water) and tiamulin • Control • Quarantine: 30 – 60 days • medicated water, depopulation, close herd • vaccine only reduces clinical signs

  14. Proliferative enteropathy • Lawsonia intracellulare • Bent, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria • proliferative illeitis, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome • Large intestine: hyperplasia of crypt enterocytes with inflammation and sometimes ulceration or hemorrhage • hamsters, ferrets, guinea pigs, foxes, horses, lambs, rabbits, rats, dogs, white-tailed deer, emus

  15. Proliferative enteropathy • Weanlings and older • Clinical signs • Acute diarrhea with brownish to black unclottedblood • pallor, weakness, and rapid death are common; • Subacuteto chronic cases occur more frequently in the grower stages • sporadic diarrhea, wasting, and variation in growth rate • lesions often include necrotic enteritis and can be easily confused with salmonellosis. • anemia (think gastric ulcer first) • Morbidity and mortality with either presentation is variable

  16. Proliferative enteropathy cont... • Diagnosis • Necropsy - “garden hose” ilium and colon • can be hemorrhagic or fibrinonecrotic • Histopathology - intracellular, silver positive • DNA probes • Treatment and control • No specific treatment • Reduce stress • Medicate feed - tylosin, tetracyclines, lincomycin, tiamulin, and carbadox • Live vaccine in water

  17. Proliferative illeitis

  18. Whipworms • Trichuris suis • pasture • 2-6 months of age • Large intestine

  19. Whipworms • Clinical signs • Anorexia • mucoidor mucohemorrhagicdiarrhea • dehydration, and possibly death of severely affected animals • anemia (2 DDX?) • Diagnosis - fecal float, fibrinnecrotic colitis • Control – dichlorvos, levamisole and fenbendazole

  20. Whipworms

  21. Don’t forget Salmonella! • Salmonella typhimurium • Salmonella cholersuis • associated with rectal strictures? • Can be large intestine • Fibrinonecrotic colitis • Rectal strictures • Culture

  22. Parasites of pigs • Trichuris suis - colon • Ascaris suum - small intestine, milk spots • Stephanurus edentatus - kidney • Macrocanthorynchus hirudinaceous -small intestine

  23. Neurological diseases • Hypoglycemia • Streptococcus suis: Gram-positive • Salt poisoning • Edema disease

  24. Hypoglycemia • Newborn piglets • Blood glucose <50mg/dL may develop signs • Clinical signs • convulsions • shivering • hypothermia • gait abnormalities

  25. Hypoglycemia cont... • Diagnosis • Blood glucose • Empty stomach • Treatment • 20ml/kg 5% dextrose, warm fluids • Control • make sure the milk is flowing

  26. Salt poisoning • Usually due to water deprivation rather than too much Na • Causes hyperosmalarity of CNS resulting in swelling and edema • Clinical signs • thirst, constipation • depression, blindness, convulsions

  27. Salt poisoning cont... • Diagnosis • History • Clinical pathology-eosinopenia, hypernatremia • Histopathology - eosinophilic meningitis • Treatment • None • Control • provide free access to water • reduce salt in diet

  28. Musculoskeletal diseases • Arthritis • S. suis, Erysipelothrix, A. pyogenes • Mycoplasma hyosynoviae • Myodegenerative disease • Malignant hyperthermia (PSE) • White muscle disease

  29. Suppurative arthritis • Streptococcus suis: gram positive • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: gram positive rod • Actinomyces pyogenes • May see loss of cartilage • Due to fighting, surgical contamination • Distended joints, abscesses • Penicillin - treatment often no good

  30. Suppurative arthritis

  31. Mycoplasmal arthritis • Mycoplasma hyosynoviae • 4-12 weeks of age • acute or chronic lameness • non-suppurative arthritis/synovitis • edema of synovial tissue • Lincomysin to treat

  32. Mycoplasmal arthritis

  33. Reproductive disease • Parvovirus • Leptospirosis: gram - spirochete • PRRS: Arterivirus • Brucellosis: gram negative

  34. Porcine parvovirus • 100% prevalence: endemic • Important signs • large numbers of mummified fetuses • increase in the number of returns to estrus • small litters • failures to farrow, decreased farrowing rate, • rarely abortion • Transmission: secretions, oro-nasal, transplacental Poor conception rates, reabsorbed litters, mummies and small litters

  35. Porcine parvovirus • Transient leukopenia • Signs depend on time of infection • <30days - embryo resorbed • 30-70days - mummy • >70days - dead or weak, survive normally • no other signs of illness • SMEDI - stillbirth, mummy, embryonic death, infertility • Diagnosis - detection of virus in mummy by immunofluorescence or by rising titer

  36. Parvo - SMEDI

  37. Porcine parvovirus cont... • Control • Resistant to environmental degradation and many disinfectants • Natural infection of gilts before breeding • Commingle gilts with sows • Grind up mummies and feed to gilts • Vaccination! • Killed vaccine: breeding animals • may still get some losses

  38. Leptospirosis • Leptospirosis • Leptospira interrogans (serovars pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and bratislava) • Leptospira borgpetersenii (serovars sejroe and tarassovi) • Leptospira kirschneri (serovar grippotyphosa) • serovar L. hardjo :bovines and has been reported to infect pigs in close proximity • Zoonosis

  39. Leptospirosis • CS • Adult: mild fever and inappetence for a few days, last trimester abortion, stillbirths, weak litters, • Piglets: fever, anorexia, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, icterus, convulsions in occasional pigs and a failure to grow and gain weight and sudden mortality in piglets Placentitis

  40. Leptospirosis • Diagnosis • Culture difficult • Dark field microscopy of fetal fluids, urine • Serology (<1:800) • Necropsy: interstitial nephritis or generalized kidney scarring which may only be noticed at slaughter as “white-spotted kidneys

  41. Leptospirosis cont... • Treatment • Chlortetracycline in feed/ oxytetracycline, tylosin, and erythromycin • Control • Vaccination • Gilts twice before first breeding • Sows before every breeding • Rodent control

  42. PRRS • Porcine reproductive/respiratory syndrome • Arterivirus • Premature farrowing • Small weak piglets or stillborns • increased numbers of mummies • Delayed or abnormal estrus • Serology to diagnose • Vaccination for prevention Abortions, mummies and weak pigs

  43. Brucellosis • Brucella suis: gram negative • Zoonotic • Ist agent to be weaponized by US ~ 1950 • Rare in US • A cooperative, 3-stage, State-Federal-Industry eradication program was initiated with a goal of eradication of brucellosis. • Goal is nearly accomplished in domestic herds, but feral swine remain a reservoir in the US.

  44. Brucellosis • Transmission: direct contact • ingesting aborted fetuses, fetal membranes or fluids discharged at the time of abortion • Clinical signs • abortion at any time in gestation • infertility - many sows coming back into heat (abortions in first trimester) • infected sows recover and deliver normally • Lesions • mild endometritis • arthritis • orchitis

  45. Brucellosis Lesions in the uterus of a pig caused by B. suis

  46. Brucellosis cont... • Diagnosis • The buffered, acidified plate antigen (BAPA) test and the standard card test (SCT) have been used extensively as presumptive test • confirmation, either the standard tube test (STT) or the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) • Culture: most accurate • Treatment and control • Test and slaughter (depopulate ~ 2-3 months)

  47. Abortions/stillbirths • Parvo virus • PRRS • Pseudorabies • Lepto

  48. References • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/swine/ • http://www.ncsu.edu/project/swine_extension/ncporkconf/2002/roberts.htm • http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/pbs/zoonoses/Erysipelas/erysipelasindex.html • http://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/new-vdpam-employees/food-supply-veterinary-medicine/swine/swine-diseases/haemophilus-parasuis- • http://vetpath.wordpress.com/category/necropsy-cases/

  49. References • http://www.fmv.utl.pt/atlas/figado/pages_us/figad015_ing.htm • http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/disease.php?name=influenza&lang=en • http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/a_pleuro/a_pleuro_home.htm • http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/51205.htm&word=leptospirosis%2Cin%2Cpigs

More Related